The Beast, The Lord Of The Flies Essay

The Beast, The overlord Of The wing EssayIn nobleman of the Flies by William Golding, the use of symbolism is revealed through thoughts and printings the boys have sequence being marooned on the island. The use of symbols such as the pigs head, the beast, swinishs specs, the island and the use of masks, allows the author to reveal how mankind allow their ability for sin to transport over and control their life. The pigs head is one key symbol in Lord of the Flies that is involved in the naming of the novel. Descriptions of the slaughtered animals head on a spear is graphic and frightening. The pigs head is described as dim-eyed, grin faintly, blood blackening among the teeth, and is covered with a black blot of flies that tickled under his nostrils (138). The reader becomes aware of the sinfulness and darkness symbolized by the Lord of the Flies with this image. When Simon speaks with the lifeless, devil-like object, the extraction of evil is revealed. Simon learns th at the beast, that frightened the another(prenominal) boys on the island, is not an outside force. The head of the slain pig tells him, Fancy mentation the beast was something you could be given and kill You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? (p. 143). The evil is symbolized by the pigs head. Simon faints after looking at the pig and seeing total darkness within, a blackness that spread (p. 144). Evil had taken over, it was everywhere.The beast is used as a main symbol in this novel. In the imaginations of many of the boys, the beast is the source of evil on the island. Life on the island got worse as the evil there within each one of them became ardenter. Simon realizes this before his meeting with the Lord of the Flies. During an argument over the reality of a beast, he shares his belief with the others. Simon tells them, Maybe, peradventure there is a beast maybe its only us (p. 89). The other boys immediately begin to argue more fiercely in resolution to Simons thoughts. Th e crowd gives a wild whoop when asshole scolds Ralph, saying If theres a beast, well hunt it down Well close in and eat and beat and beat (p. 91). Their fear of the beast and desire to kill it shows how strong the hold societys rules erstwhile had over them has been lost during their time on the island.The evil within the boys has more effect on their survival as they spend more time on the island, and this diminution is reflected by Piggys specs. Piggy represents acculturation and the rules, from which the other boys have been separated. As Piggy loses his ability to see, the other boys in any case lose their vision of that civilization. Piggy can clearly see with twain lenses of his spectacles intact, and the boys are still fairly civilized at the let of the story. An example, at the first meeting, the boys decide that they cant have everybody talking at once they have to have hands up like at school (p. 33). After some time passes, the hunters become more concern with sl aughtering a pig than with being rescued. They return from a successful hunt in the jungle chanting Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood, (p. 69). Piggy and Ralph attempt to explain to the hunters that having meat to eat is not as great as keeping the signal fire burning. During a fight, Jack by choice knocks Piggys specs from his baptismal font, smashing one of the lenses greatly diminishing his vision.After Jack forms his own tribe of savages, he and two of his followers ambush Ralph, Piggy, and Samneric. In the middle of this ambush Piggys specs are stolen, leaving him virtually blind. In the mean time, Jack goes back to Castle Rock, trotting steadily, exulting in his effect (p. 168), as he has discarded all ties to civilized life. Jacks unmerciful nature and attitude cause his lapse into complete savagery. He enjoys the feeling of being feared by those around him. It was like he fed moody of it and it made him even more evil.The island is taken up by the jungle, w hich shows the decline of civilization. Since the jungle is the home of the beast, it also symbolizes the darkness present in humans that is capable of ruling their lives. This evil spreads to almost every boy on the island, just as in the jungle, darkness poured out, submerging the focal points between the trees till they were dim and strange as the bottom of the sea (p. 57). The experiences the boys brook on the island expose them to the evil that lies beneath their civilized surface. The experiences affect them mentally and physically to the point where they lose their identities.The symbolic use of masks demonstrates the collapse of the boys way of life. When covered by masks the hunters have different personalities. They forget the civilized behaviors that once controlled them and now they have given in to their natural desires and urges. Jack paints his face to his liking and suddenly becomes a savage. He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling (p. 64) . At home, Jack would not have behaved in this manner, just now behind the mask, Jack feels free to behave like the devil.Lord of the Flies reflects the darkness that has the ability to awaken the evil beast from within. The author uses symbols that beautify this theme of darkness throughout the novel. In Lord of the Flies, the symbols are cardinal to the storys ideas and theme.

The Sorites Paradox And The Epistemic Philosophy Essay

The Sorites Paradox And The Epistemic Philosophy EssaySoritic idea that is based on conclude, which is entailed in the sorites riddle plays an important role in some pulps of weakness of leave behind. Such campaigning based on soritic estimateing leads to failures of behavior, however, these behaviors stop non be revealed to be irrational by ordinary means. Logical enigmaes be not expected to be important to the psychology of everyday life. However, the sorites puzzle unlike other paradoxes actually leads to defeat and confusion, and plays an important role in some forms of weakness of will. I will illustrate a illustration version of the sorites paradox, and in the conclusion obtained in this casing, I will cope that the epistemological response runs into numerous difficulties, and as a military issue, does not successfully refer the problem with the paradox.DiscussionThe sorites paradox is a term devoted to several paradoxical melodic phrases that arise because o f the indeterminacy surrounding restrictions of the application of the predicates entailed. The avocation is a representative version of the sorites paradox. If we be to judge the stature of quartet basketball players, observing them from a distance, which makes a difference in apex invisible as long as it amounts to less than virtuoso pass on. Tim Dun slew is 7 feet portentous. Shaquille is 71. He is overly big. Am atomic number 18 is 610. He is exalted. Kevin is 611. He is pompous. Rudy is 69. He is in any case tallish. LeBron is 68 and he is tall. Using this sequence of reasoning, specifically, that if I deduct an inch morose any souls height, it would not make much difference since somebody will only be one inch shorter than a tall various(prenominal) would, supposedly, be tall himself. Thus, as I use this sequence of reasoning, I can keep creating more premises, namely that Jordan is 66, Kobe is 67 and so on till I reach somebody like Nate who is 59. Many indivi duals would flicker to call Nate tall, because when compargond to the other throng like LeBron and Kobe, he is short. I can in addition reason to conclude that Bogues whose height is 53 and Boykins 55 are tall. However, most reasonable volume would not classify these players as tall.The reasoning in the above case is a good example of the sorites paradox that results from ballpark vague predicates such as tall. The sorites paradox can also be constructed using other predicates such as 100, 000 scintillas of sand is a heap of sand, thus 99, 999 grains is still a heap of sand, as is 99, 998 and so forth, till I am forced to conclude that one grain of sand is still a heap of sand. It is possible to also theorise the tall version of the sorites paradox to work the conflicting air. For instance, if I reason that Bogues whose height is 53, is short, and then an individual who is just one inch taller would also be considered short, and I would also use this reasoning to work my mo dal value up LeBron, who at 68, would be deemed short. Thus, the paradox in argument form isPremise 1 LeBron is 68, he is tall.Premise 2 If LeBron is tall, then soulfulness else who is one inch shorter than LeBron is tall.Premise 3 if somebody one inch shorter than LeBron is tall, then person one inch shorter than LeBron is tall.The conclusion is that Bogues whose height is 53 is tall. Such a conclusion is paradoxical if we are to consider our common notions about expressions like short and tall to be correct. In appendage to this, if we present a common agreement that Bogues who is 53, is short, then the conclusion that stems from the sorites argument, to be precise, that Bogues must be tall, leads to a contradiction, since Bogues cannot have the properties tall and short at the same time.Therefore, there are three alternatives if we are to steer puddle of this paradox of vague predicates we can confound the primary premise that LeBron is tall we can refute one of the other premises in the argument that anyone who is a certain height is tall if an individual an inch taller is tall, or refute the notion that the conclusion follows from the argument. I will discuss one approach to solving the paradox the epistemological source. I will also discuss difficulty in throwing the epistemic solution.The epistemic solution entails refuting one of the other premises. For instance, set inn the argument (1) LeBron is tall for a person, (2) if LeBron is tall for a person, then individual who is 69 is tall for a person, and (3) if someone who is 69 is tall for a person, then someone who is 68 is tall for a person. Conclusion Bogues who is 53 is tall for a person. We can refute one of the premises that will grant us a way out of the paradox. For instance, we can refute the premise that will ultimately result from the above argument that if Nash whose height is 63 is tall, then Ellis whose height is 62 is also tall. Or we can reject the premise that if Chris who i s 60 tall, then Damon who is 511 is tall.The epistemic solution entails forming a hard line division, dividing people into dickens groups (not tall and tall). There would look as if there would be a cutoff forecast, if somebody who is nn is tall, and it would not follow that someone who is nn-1 is tall. So, if this dissimilarity was to be in place, it would provide an obstacle that the reasoning that led me in the send-off place to conclude that Bogues was tall. And if this dissimilarity was in place, then the group of tall individuals would have stopped before we got to Bogues.I think that this solution runs into a lot of difficulty. First and foremost, the dissimilarity would seem to be wholly absurd and dependent on a certain individuals idea of tall. For instance, I whitethorn want to specify that all individuals who are 60 and above, are tall. My junior brother who is 56 may want to define that all individuals 57 and above are tall. In the same way, Kobe may want to stipu late that all individuals 68 and above are tall. All of these illogical lines are wholly logical, relative to each individual.I do not think that the epistemic solution successfully diagnoses the problem with the paradox as shown in the example of height. One can argue against arbitrariness by specifying that people should consider those above the fair(a) height for people as tall and those below this total height as shorts, and therefore, a fixed point would solve the problem. But this provision also runs into hypothetical issues.First of all, the average height for human beings is always changing. Today, human beings may be taller than people were 20, 000 years past. Therefore, it would seem, a person would have been tall 20, 000 years ago would be short now. However, if can correctly guess, no one wants to accept that a person who is tall can become short without shrinking. Secondly, if are to refute one of the premises, then we should do reject it with good reason. We should give a reason why, for instance, it is better to refute the premise that if Amare who is 610 tall, then Kobe who is 67 is tall, kind of of the premise that if Shaquille who is 71 is tall, then Duncan who is 70 is tall. Is there a logical reason why we should refute the former premise quite of the latter?Assume, for the sake of science fiction, the case of a shrinking person. contemplate the shrinking man was Shaquille, who shrank one inch each month, from a head start height of 71. If are to refute one of the premises, then we should also bang that there is an exact spatiotemporal location where Shaquille changes from someone who is tall to someone who is not tall. Where is the point? 63? 64? 55? 511? Is there a good reason to dispense one of these heights over some other height? If the answer is yes, then we should give an account for which particular outcome in time, this change occurs, and why it is logical to opt for this moment instead of some other one. It appears that nobody can practically choose of these moments over another one, and so, it appears, the epistemic solution runs into a barrier.The response that would probably successfully diagnose the problem would be the degree of truth solution that takes a innovative approach towards the notions of falsity and truth, and seeks to annul the sorites argument. With the degree of truth solution, a person can make the claim that Nash is 63 tall. I can landed estate the degree of truth for the claim that Nash is 63 tall is about .70 because he appears to be closer to the model for human tallness than the paradigm for shortness. The sorites paradox started by hypothesizing that if Shaquille is tall, and we reason that Bogues is also tall, we are stating that these two men have equivalent property of tallness and the truth of such statements are genuine to the similar degree. Thus, this theory appears to have the strength of removing all contradictions entailing vague predicates unlike, the episte mic approach, and thus would be more appropriate in explaining the sorites paradox example of who is tall and who is short.ConclusionThe epistemic solution does not seem to be the closest solution to the example about height discussed. One can argue against unpredictability by specifying that people should consider those above the average height for people as tall and those below this average height as shorts, and therefore, a fixed point would solve the problem. It is clear that the epistemic solution is counter intuitive in nature, and this becomes a purported problem. From the example discussed, it is unmixed that there all kind of things that people do not distinguish, however, ignorance in the case of indistinctness appears to be necessary ignorance. It is not that we do not know if someone is tall and another is short, we simply know it. But, for the person seeking the epistemic solution, the problem is harder, for there is something to know and it is simply that we cannot k now it. Thus, the epistemic solution does not successfully diagnose the problem.

Introduction To Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Nursing Essay

Introduction To puerile screaky Arthritis Nursing EssayIn order to fully take c ar and grasp the meaning of the term new rheumatic arthritis (JRA), ace needs to look into its comp iodinntial words and see what elucidately of them mean. The term juvenile refers to the state of being young, peasantish or infantile. rheumatism describes both inconvenienceful modify related to the motor arrangement of the body. This pertains to spliffs, muscles, nuts and connecting wavers. As discussed to this point, the prefix rheuma- originates from a Greek word rheuma1which pertains to the flowing of a river or stream. Arthritis on the another(prenominal) hand is a term come to just with occasion disturbs. The term again originates from the Greeks. Artho- sum joint and -itis re playation exhilaration. A joint is where b iodins meet much(prenominal) as the lift joint, knee joint, hip joint and the sm all joints in the hands and feet. connexion the terms to fully comprehend t he phrase juvenile flea-bitten arthritis, one passel conclude that it is a joint disorder found in youth. Indeed, arthritis is not a disorder exclusive to the elderly population.Introduction to Juvenile Rheumatoid ArthritisChildren at the age of sixteen and below who ingest joint disorders fall in the category of juvenile arthritic arthritis. Children lot remonstrate about aches in their joints which tolerate be ca personad by multiple reasons. However, if the pain persists for six weeks2or more or there is s thoroughlying on or around the joints, the electric s arriver might be spiteing from JRA. Arthritis is a chronic condition and lasts a unyielding firearm. It causes inflammation of one or more joints, close totimes retarding bone development and growth. Important questions that arise from the discourse so far argon 1) Why categorize juvenile arthritis as a unhealthiness separate from that experienced by the adults?, and 2) Why screwing the two not be con grimacer ed the selfsame(prenominal) and treated as much(prenominal) when it is joint disorder that is the core problem? To answer these questions, any(prenominal) major(ip) differences between adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis be provided as follows3 implyionate Facts and StatisticsThe majority of the diligents suffering from JRA outgrow the sickness, a finding that is precise dis utilise in the adult forms of arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis in adults is a single ailment with different manifestations, darn JRA has distinct pigboat suits and is much r ber than arthritis in adults. JRA patients, more frequently than not, restrain negative rheumatoid factor (RF) in kin while s flatty to eighty percent of the adults with rheumatoid arthritis pay back positive rheumatoid factor in circulation. JRA interferes with proper growth of the bones while that is not the case in adult in whom bones have already fully grown and developed. Due to these and other age-related factors, j uvenile arthritis is termed a separate disease and dealt with accordingly. in that respect atomic number 18 three major subtypes of JRA which bed be determined by following the pattern of the disease in its offshoot six months, considering how many joints argon involved and whether accepted(prenominal) types of antibodies atomic number 18 infix in the declivity. These include the following.4Oligoarticular JRA In this kind of JRA, solitary(prenominal) a some(prenominal) joints argon change. It ordinarily implys large joints such as knee, shoulder and elbow. Oligo means short or few. When only one joint is touch on, it is called monoarticular arthritis. This type is not in truth severe.Polyarticular JRA This form of JRA affects five or more joints, usually in hands and feet. A typical symptom is the swelling of fingers and toes. This type of JRA is ofttimes symmetrical, which means that if one joint is affected on one side of the body, the same joint is affected on the other side as well.Systemic JRA This type of JRA causes swelling, pain and limited motion in one or more joints. It also causes inflammation of internal organs such as the heart, spleen or liver. Typically, it causes pyrexia and a tap rash. febrility comes at the same time both day. It is sometimes referred to as the Stills disease.The oligoarticular and polyarticular types of JRA atomic number 18 found to be more super acid among girls than among boys. However, systemic JRA equally affects girls and boys. nigh fifty percent of the children suffering from JRA have the oligoarticular type, thirty percent have polyarticular type, and twenty percent suffer from the systemic type. well-nigh important statistics, (from the same source) about the prevalence of JRA are key outed below. These statistics give an insight about the order of the problem and the number of people suffering from it.5One out of e really 1000 children is affected by JRA worldwide.Young girls are more p ersuadable to the disease than boys are.The disease is more common among Caucasians than any other race.It is one of the most common childhood diseases found in the U.S.Approximately 294,000 children are affected by JRA in the U.S.Ambulatory disquiet visits for JRA and other pediatric arthritis conditions are on average 827,000 annually.A new term for JRA has belatedly gained popularityjuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Idiopathic is a medical adjective which means when something happens impromptu or without cognise cause. Since there are not many cognize causes of juvenile arthritis, thus the term JIA came into existence. Research suggests that JIA patients have a condition called autoimmune process.6This is when the immune system of the body becomes overly active and i galvanic pilepropriately starts assail joint tissues as if they were h laceful foreign bodies. Autoimmune processes are speculated to be triggered by a variety of reasons. On the top of the list are certai n bacteria and viruses. Against popular belief, there is scarce demo of children with food and other allergies developing arthritis. However, some seek suggests communicable grow of the disease. If one family member has been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, it is very much likely that others, in special(a) siblings, dusterthorn have it too. Diagnosing JIA is not an easy task. Most dilutes use a combination of personal line of credit tests, X-rays (to regularisation out fractures or cancer) and forcible psychometric test. Physical examination of the child is considered to be the most important of the three. This leave behind be discussed in detail later on in the chapter. differentiationSince there are more than a hundred different forms of arthritis seen and treated, it is important to kat once what major factors distinguish one form from the other and how they affect the patient so that the problem is diagnosed right on and taken care of accordingly. Symptoms an d vaunts7typically related to JRA are as follows.Persistent joint pain, inflammation and swelling can glide by. Joint inflammation over a considerable period of time can causes permanent and irreversible prostitutes to gristle and bone. Morning rigorousness of joints or stiffness after a nap has been observed, however the first light stiffness gradually improves after the patient force outs. A child with JRA might exhibit irritability and refusal to walk or even use a specific joint. The patient might also suffer from recurrent fever with temperatures exceeding a hundred degrees. Fever usually occurs at the same time occasional. Pale red or pink rash in the form of spots are typical in systemic JRA and usually appear on the chest and thighs and sometimes on other places of the body. The rash usually accompanies fever spikes.Bone CharacteristicsJoints affected by JRA are mostly the knee and the joints in the hands and feet. Anemia, a lack of enough red blood cells is a comm on vaunt of polyarticular JRA. Remissions and flare ups are a common feature of standard JRA. in that respect whitethorn be periods when no symptoms appear (remissions) and then there are periods when the severity of the symptoms reaches its peak (flare ups). Bone growth can be adversely affected. Growth can either become too fast or too slow causing one limb to become longitudinal than the other, joints whitethorn grow unevenly, budding out to a single side. boilers suit bone development and growth might be slowed down to a considerable extent.Soft TissuesMuscles and other soft tissues around the affected joints may weaken. Weight passage and loss of appetite in children that suffer from JRA is very common. Irritation and disease of the philia, which is composed to soft tissue, is a typical feature of JRA. Symptoms include blurred vision or even complete loss of vision in extreme cases, excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, and redness in the eyeball. Uveitis is the ter m for eye inflammation which affects the uvea of the eye. Another drab form of eye inflammation ca utilize by JRA is iridocyclitis, a form of anterior uveitis. This is a serious problem and can pop off to scarring of the eye and vision loss. Initially, there may be no visible symptoms of an eye problem. Resultant sleep disturbances are frequent among JRA patients. Children frequently face difficulty falling asleep and awaken several times during the night. Daytime sleepiness, mood swings and fatigue is also common.A child suffering from JRA should have regular eye checkups to detect any early changes in the eye in order to stop practical serious damage.Solid OutgrowthsIn some subtypes of JRA nodules develop on some parts of the body such as elbows. Nodules are small bumps which sustain a lot of pressure and become extremely uncomfortable or painful for the patient. Swollen lymph nodes are also an outcome of JRA especially in the neck, under the jaw or on the groin. Patients may feel enkindle or a burning sensation in the joints as a result.Significance of Knowing the Distinguishing FeaturesSymptomologyThe characteristic symptoms and features explained above are only thinkable outcomes of JRA and stand for a major part of why it is important to make out the distinguishing features of JRA. Not all patients of this disease experience all the symptoms, and not all face the same intensity. Symptoms differ from child to child, and from subtype to subtype. Some patients may have longer remissions and fewer and shorter flare ups while others may have the opposite. Patients and caregivers mustiness also realize that persistent joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness are common to all types of JRA and are mostly present in all patients and are typical signs of arthritis among children below the age of sixteen. Sensitivity to any changes that may occur in the childs gait, mood, sleeping habits can be very beneficial in a timely diagnosis and intervention of the disease. Children may not speak out about the pain as one would have model they may learn rapidly to live with the pain.The Overlooked BurdenJRA may affect the physiologic presentation of the young patient and can impact his or his emotional and social projection. This is another reason why it important to understand the distinguishing features of a JRA victim. Slower or faster bone growth can cause a limp or cause one arm or leg to be longer than the other and uneven joint growth provides for a different shape of the joints, especially elbows and knees. If joints of the hands and feet are affected, fingers and toes can become malformed and hands and feet can swell. Some medicines used in the interposition of JRA can cause weight gain overdue to water retention and shop the face rounder. These changes in the material look and the inability of the child to participate in some physical activities can create an emotional burden for him or her and cause extreme opinion and str ess. Others find it hard to accept the patients different physical appearances and more often than not are found to stare at the patients, thus do them feel uncomfortable. Children with JRA feel left out and alienated. This stress is thought to elevate increase inflammation and joint pain. That is why proper emotional accept from family as well as from school and an collar of the childs feelings and limitations can dish out the JRA patient cope better with the disease.It has been observed that children at a very young age with rheumatoid arthritis find it relatively easier to adjust than those in their teens. Growing up during the teens can be a challenging experience in itself without having to cope with a chronic, crippling and a feeling-altered disease. School livelihood is affected as does the social surroundings. JRA can leave children as loners with not many friends around just as adults with arthritis suffer from depression and insomnia. Adults are however better able to express and share their feelings with their doctor. Children tend to impute their feeling of despair, which makes the situation worse. Teenagers are know to be worse at handling their emotions as they are frequently depressed and disturbed. Parents must make sure that they join a local support group, have understanding teachers in school and can continue some form of physical activity during remissions. Different studies suggest that authoritative parents of teenage juvenile arthritis patients can worsen the situation. Giving enough autonomy in tasks such as socializing and physical activity can improve quality of life for these children, and hence provides another reason why knowing the distinguishing features of JRA is important. TechniquesInitial ApproachesThere is no single test which can declare a child as having or not having juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The first and the world-class factor that the doctor would consider is the length of time that the symptoms includin g joint pain, stiffness and/or inflammation have lasted. If the symptoms have lasted for more than six weeks, only then a doctor can consider further investigating for JRA. This is because these symptoms can arise from a variety of reasons such as flaw and fractures. To rule out other causes of joint pain or inflammation, certain laboratory tests are run. X-rays are through with(p) to check for fractures or tumors that may be causing the inflammation. Imaging exam is also done to cast away diseases such as viral infections, bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel diseases and some forms of cancer that produce symptoms similar to that of JRA. A complete blood search (CBC) test is also done to rule out disorders such as leukemia and malaria.Medical HistoryA detailed medical history and physical examination8can jockstrap in the detection of JRA immensely. A doctor can ask several questions to the child or to the parents that will help diagnose the problem. These questions may in clude the followingWhen just now did the symptoms first incur to appear?Which joints are affected?Do the joints feel stiffer in the morning?Is the child limping?Has there been weight loss?Has there been a loss of appetite?Can the child bear weight on the affected joints?Is there a family history of arthritis?The above inquiries provide very useful revelations for the doctor and will make diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis much easier.Physical mental testThe components of the physical examination of JRA are listed below. wakeful inspection of the affected jointsEvaluation of body temperature to record feverExamination of the skin to look for rashesObservation of the lymph nodes to look for any swellingsDuring such an examination the doctor takes notes of the kind of joint inflammation, other symptoms like fever or rash and the number and location of affected joints. This information is deterministic in the diagnosis of JRA.At the LabSome laboratory masking piece tests9for JRA are listed below.The Antinuclear Antibody Test This test is used for seeking certain antibodies present in the child suspected of having JRA. The presence of such antibodies increases the likelihood of the young patient to develop iritis, an eye inflammation thought to cause permanent damage to the eye. Some children with JRA have an increased risk of developing iritis. By dowery to determine the likelihood of iritis, this test allows the doctor to regularly check the eyes of JRA victims who are more temptable to develop iritis and thwart permanent damage.Rheumatoid FactorAnother blood test is done to see if rheumatoid factor is present in the blood of the child. The rheumatoid factor is an antibody that determines whether the child is likely to expatriate the disease into the adulthood or not. This antibody attacks healthy body tissues and causes damage. Presence of RF in blood in a child is a surefire feature of JRA.Other Tests Known as ESR or SED, the erythrocyte repos itory rate test is used to determine the degree of inflammation and assists in figuring out the subtype of JRA present. Complement is a term that scientifically refers to a group of proteins in the blood. A complement test is simply done to musical rhythm the level of complement in blood. Low levels of complement are associated with immune system disorders such as JRA. Sometimes, urine analysis of the child can indicate kidney disorders that are again associated with immune system issues. ashen blood cell count in the blood is another screening technique for JRA. Increased number of these specialized cells indicates possible infections while a decreased amount suggests possible rheumatoid disease in the child. Arthrocentesis is a process whereby fluid is extracted from around the affected joint with the help of a syringe and then analyzed for diagnosis. Hematocrit is a test to measure the level of red blood cells in the blood. Decreased levels of red blood cells, also known as ane mia, are associated with rheumatoid diseases in children. discussion as a TechniqueOnce JRA has been detected, treatment is immediately started. The treatment approach is twofold 1) to reduce the childs pain and enable him or her to lead a life as normal as possible and 2) secondly, to prevent any permanent and irreversible damage. Treatment for JRA includes physical therapy as well as medicine. Physical therapy is used to keep the joints flexible, which makes them less stiff and painful. Swimming, certain form of aerobics, stretching exercises and other physical activities that a therapist suggests can be a major help in the fight against JRA. Doctors and therapists may also suggest splints and other devices to ensure proper bone growth, a major concern in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Shoe lifts or inserts may be advised for children with unequal legs. Increased intake of vitamin D and calcium is also advised to the patients. Massages, hot bathes and acupuncture are thought to te mporarily relieve the pain and provide some comfort to the youngsters. medicament is prescribed according to the intensity of the disease and the sub type.ResearchJRA search is being focused on the causes, prevention and treatment of the disease. While research so far has not been able to specify any particular causes of JRA, new advances in research show both genetic and environmental factors such as viruses and bacteria are responsible for causing the disease. new-made research suggests that JRA is associated with a virus called military personnel intracisternal A-type particle, or HIAP.10Antibodies against this virus have been found in a high percentage among patients of JRA. HIAP technology is now being used to develop diagnostic tests and treatment for the disease. For the genetic part of the possible causes, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype gene is thought to determine the sub type of JRA in the patient. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) has set up a research registry for families with two or more siblings with JRA.11The office of this registry is to study sibling pairs and focus on the genes that seem susceptible to the disease. The aim is to eventually use gene therapy and other gene treatment to treat such disorders.The Current SituationFor quite some time now JRA has been considered to be an autoimmune disease which means that the bodys immune system starts producing such antibodies which attack healthy tissues of the body resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. new-made research has now shown that not all cases of JRA are autoimmune, some are caused by auto-inflammatory disorders. In such a disorder antibodies are not involved, rather white blood cells, that attack harmful substances in the body go bad and cause inflammation for unknown reasons. Auto-inflammatory disorders cause fever and rash. There are still no known ways of preventing JRA. Scientists and doctors are always searc hing for new and better treatments for JRA-affected children which are more effective and have fewer side effects. In addition to research, clinical trials and controlled environment case studies can help understand many new aspects of the disease and the treatment. Anyone suffering from JRA can voluntarily become a part of such clinical trials and case studies. Areas of current research for JRA include the following12 long-run effects of the use of the drugs methotrexate and corticosteroid.Causes of sleep problems among the children suffering from JRA.Causes and treatment of probable anemia in the patients.Effectiveness of calcium supplementation in increase bone density of the patients.Long-term impacts of the recurrent pain in children.How exactly interleukin, a chemical involved in inflammation, affects the growth of new blood vessels in the joint tissues and causes the said tissues to overgrow.Comparison of 1) the effects of intravenous methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid m edicine and intravenous cyclophosphamide that suppresses the immune system, and 2) the effects of using intravenous methylprednisolone alone.AnalysisThis chapter covered the distinguishing characteristics, techniques in detection, and advances in research for JRA. It is important to know that joint pain and stiffness is evidently not just a problem characteristic of grandparents. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a joint disorder that affects children below the age of sixteen. It is a chronic disease and lasts for a long period of time with remissions and flare ups. There are three major subtypes of JRA 1) oligoarticular JRA, which involves only a few joints, 2) polyarticular JRA involving five or more joints, and 3) systemic JRA in addition to arthritis symptoms also typically causes a fever and a rash and in extreme cases affects internal organs like heart, lungs and kidneys. more young girls than boys are affected by the first two subtypes while boys and girls are equally likely to develop the third, the rarest kind. Polyarticular JRA is the most common subtype but also the least severe.Clear-cut evidence on what exactly causes JRA is nonexistent. However, JRA is known to be an autoimmune disorder which means that the bodys immune system starts attacking healthy body tissues of children. The disease is thought to have both genetic and environmental factors as the root causes. Symptoms differ from patient to patient and from subtype to subtype. For adults, rheumatoid arthritis is usually a lifetime disease, but more than half of the JRA affected children grow out of it. Presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood of the child determines the likelihood of the child to carry the disease into adulthood. JRA can affect the physical appearance of a child and the course of his or her daily life. This can lead to an emotional burden and stress which if not handled properly can further aggravate the problem.Different screening techniques are used to diagnose the dise ase. First, the doctor notes the medical history from the patient and the parents. This is usually followed by a detailed physical examination of the child, which is considered a very decisive step of the diagnosis process. Some laboratory tests are run to rule out other possible diseases with similar symptoms such as viral and bacterial infections, cancer, fractures and injuries. These tests include complete blood count, X-rays, imaging tests, and bone scans. Some laboratory tests done to determine the level of inflammation and the possible complications of the disease include the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test, the antinuclear antibody test, urine analysis, arthrocentesis, hematocrit and white blood cell count. After the disease has been diagnosed, the treatment begins. There is no permanent cure of the disease. The treatment focuses on controlling the symptoms and preventing permanent damage. Recent research is focusing on discovering the genes which seem to determine JRA o r its sub types so that they can be used in gene therapy and treatment. Sibling-pairs are being studies to discover patterns. Technology is being used to fight human intracisternal A-type particle HIAP, a virus antibodies against which have been found present in majority of the JRA patients under study. It has been found that many cases of JRA are not because of autoimmune disorders, but rather they are caused by auto-inflammatory disorders. This is when the white blood cells malfunction and cause inflammation. More recent research facets include the study of long-term effects of certain drugs on children, causes and treatments of sleep disorders and anemia and effectiveness of calcium supplementation on bone density. The aim of research and available treatments expect to make the quality of life of patients and caregivers better and to enable them to lead a life as normal as possible.

Churches Tax Exempt A Matter Of Constitutional Right Religion Essay

perform buildinges valuate Exempt A Matter Of nobblestitutional Right pietism quizThe U.S. ultimate Court utterd in Lemon v. Kurtzman in 1971 that non- taskation of church buildinges is undergirded by more than 200 familys of virtu eithery universal pr be activeice imbedded in our colonial experience and continuing into the present. Here is wherefore There is a distinction betwixt constitutionally separate sovereigns. For sensation sovereign entity to r til nowue income a nonher leaves the measureed nonpareil and only(a) subservient to that authority. This is true both in the typic statement of delivering the measure and in the practical effect of encouraging the sovereign party. So, in our constitutional structure, states whitethorn non impose for to each one one other, and they may non tax blank space of the federal governing. The District of capital of South Carolina does non tax the property suffered by foreign political relations, and clean York does not tax the property owned by the join Nations. fleck the church is not subservient to the regimen, neither is the organisation subservient to the church. Although political science crapper aid or corroboration virtually all types of tender or educational institutions which waste a public purpose with the single-valued function of tax silver, the Supreme Court stated in 1948 that no tax in all amount, large or small, trick be levied to realise whatsoever ghostly activities or institutions. Thomas Jefferson coined the highly referenced circumvent of separation between church and state ( simply not in the Constitution, as legion(predicate) another(prenominal) pot assume). The separation he referred to must be isobilateral and reciprocal. Whatever the degree of separation required by the Constitution, it is surely this the organisation may not fudge the church subservient by levy its initiation.In Walz v. tax revenue flush, the Supreme Court noted that th e churchs uninterrupted emancipation from tax has operated affirmatively to help guarantee the free ca office of all forms of ghostlike belief. The much misunderstood separation between church and state is in truth knowing to shackle the sovereignty of each over the other. That is, it is deviseed to achieve a position for each that is neither master nor handmaid of the other. Exemption from income revenue enhancement is essential for respect of the church as a separate sovereign entity. Otherwise the presidency has the big business sectorman to encumber and hitherto terminate churches if such(prenominal) taxes be not punctually paid or drive outnot be so paid in full. Indeed, as the high apostrophize noted many years ago, the power to tax involves the power to destroy.The fact that the Constitution mandates a tax resistance for churches is one of the beat out reasons wherefore churches be not taxed.Historically, evaluate Exempt performes Have Bene forega in that respectd American clubEven before the IRS (Internal Revenue System) ever subsisted, churches were tax exempt. In fact, as the U.S.Supreme Court acknowledged in 1970 in the Walz v. task Commission case, exempting churches from taxation is an invariable history that covers our entire national existence and indeed predates it. Because of this unbroken history, churches absorb been included and recognized as tax exempt in e actually income tax code passed by Congress since the very scratch line attempt to pass an income tax code in 1894. In fact, the federal tax code recognizes this special right for churches because churches argon the totally arrangement not required to seek advance approval of tax exemption. They atomic number 18 considered automatically tax exempt only because of their status as a church. This unbroken history of tax exemption for churches that predates our national existence is not something that is lightly cast aside. And, as history demonstrates, c hurches have thrived and have returnted club in many trends as a result of the immunity that flows from tax exemption. It is a mythical caricature that most churches want to be tax exempt simply so they can un bonnyly block on to more cash than anyone else. This is a falsehood promoted by those who simply do not understand the facts.church buildinges have been at the forefront of many of the beneficial social movements throughout American history. Historians equalise that America owes its independence, in crac world-beater degree, to churches and pastors who spoke freely and passionately from their rostrums in favor of independence. Pastors during the revolutionary time period became known as the Black Regiment imputable to their black clerical robes and the fervor with which they abideed independence. church servicees alike led the difference of opinion to end child labor, promote womens suffrage, and were instrumental in ending slavery. Lets not stuff pastors handle Henry Ward Beecher who spoke with great ferment against slavery from his pulpit at Plymouth Church in Brooklyn. And, of course, it was a pastor, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., with the support of churches, who helped to end segregation. A concurring opinion handed down by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit as recently as February 25, 2009, cites such examples and concludedAn unregulated, unregistered press is important to our democracy. So are unregulated, unregistered churches. Churches have played an important-no, an essential-part in the democratic life of the United States. Is it infallible to evoke these historic struggles and the great constitutional benefits won for the country by its churches in order to decide this case of petty bureaucratic curse? It is necessary. The memory of the memorable battles grows cold. The liberals who applaud their outcomes and live in their light forget the motivation that drove the champions of granting immunity. They appro ve ghostlike intervention in the political process selectively its great when its on their side. In a secular age, loosedom of linguistic process is more talismanic than Freedom of Religion. But the last mentioned is the first freedom in our Bill of Rights (Canyon Ferry Road Baptist Church of East Helena v. Unsworth).Since our country was founded, churches not only led great social movements, but also freely preached containly on political candidates qualifications for office. That was no problem when the Constitution was signed, or when the first commissioner of internal taxation was ap psycheed in 1862, or when the federal income tax was authorized by the 16th Amendment in 1913. Nor were churches transformed into political machines. Churches simply spoke when their example voice motifed to be heard-even during election season-and decided for themselves how they wanted their pastors to preach.Tax exemption enabled churches to exist without unnecessary encumbrance by the go vernment and to be the good force in these great social movements in American history. This historical record of tax exemption is an important reason churches should strain to be tax exempt.Tax Exemption Protects the Free Exercise of ReligionChurches are nontaxable under the principle that there is no surer way to destroy the free exercise of faith than to tax it. If the government is sanctioned to tax churches (or to condition a tax exemption on a church refraining from the free exercise of religion), the door is open for the government to banish and visualize churches and the free exercise of religion. But thats not just an opinion. Its the understanding of the U.S. Supreme Court.In Walz v. Tax Commission, the high judicatory stated that a tax exemption for churches creates only a minimal and remote involvement between church and state and far less than taxation of churches. restricts the fiscal birth between church and state, and tends to complement and reinforce the des ired separation insulating each from the other. The Supreme Court also said that the power to tax involves the power to destroy. Taxing churches breaks down the healthy separation of church and state and leads to the goal of the free exercise of religion. As the Massachusetts State Tax Commission put it in 1897, The general exemption of houses of worship is a fit recognition by the State of the sanctity of religion.For those concerned about an suppress separation between church and state, no better way exists to come across it than to keep churches tax exempt. If the government were to romancein to tax churches, it necessarily asserts sovereignty, power, and go steady over churches.An example of how the government can abuse its power against churches in this area is in the passage of the Johnson Amendment, which prohibits churches and other non-profits from directly or indirectly supporting or opposing political candidates for office. A churchs tax exemption has been conditione d on obedience to this mandate since 1954 when Lyndon Johnson was instrumental in adding this prohibition to the tax code. Scholars agree that the Johnson Amendment was a revenge piece of legislation say at two non-profit foundations opposing Johnson for Senate. Johnson did not target churches, yet for 55 years, churches have been prohibited from preaching about candidates for office. The Johnson Amendment perpetuates a system requiring government agents to monitor and parse the words of a pastors name and address to determine whether that sermon violates the law and punishment should be meted out. That system is an excessive and unreasonable government entanglement with religion.In 1943, the Supreme Court stated, If there is any indomitable star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox inreligion, or other matters of opinion. The chat up didnt add except when pastors address the subject of electoral cand idates. Since 1954, the IRS and its petty officials have been able to prescribe for churches what is orthodox in matters of religion. This is not ghostlike freedom in any sense of that phrase. Rather, this is religious orthodoxy mandated by the government, and it falls heaviest on those churches who believe their faith compels them to do what churches have done for centuries address the moral fitness of electoral candidates from the pulpit.The Johnson Amendment provides a stark example of the power of the government to destroy the free exercise of religion. The surest way to protect the free exercise of religion is to reside the healthy separation between church and state fostered by tax exemptions for churches.Taxing Churches Involves the Government as Church Speech PoliceSince 1954, the government has prohibited churches from speaking about a authorized area of life in order to maintain their tax exemption. Pastors are allowed to emit about anything they want to from the pulpi t of their church except how news applies to our electoral politics. Called the Johnson Amendment, because of its sponsor Lyndon Johnson, this prohibition has enabled IRS agents to monitor and censor sermons preached from the pulpit for near 55 years. Allowing the government to condition tax exemption on a church refraining from preaching on a certain issue allows the IRS to act as oral communication police and monitor churches for compliance.The Johnson Amendment allows government to determine when a pastors speech becomes too political. That is an absurdly ridiculous standard. A pastors speech from the pulpit that addresses candidates in light of leger is religious speech. That speech doesnt become political any more than a pastors speech becomes commercial when he addresses from Scripture the current financial debacle on Wall Street. Allowing government agents to pick out that determination is as absurd as asking a first-grader to design and build NASAs next space shuttle.Th e Johnson Amendment also allows the government to parse the cloy of a pastors sermon to determine whether it violates the law. That is called a content-based restriction on speech, which the Free Speech Clause prohibits unless the government has a compelling reason to censor speech based on its content. And you would have to ignore reality to agree that any compelling reason existed for Johnsons amendment.Allowing the government to police speech is a bad idea that contains dangerous consequences for liberty-a principle that our nations founders understood most clearly. The best way to pre avail liberty, and specifically religious liberty, is to get the government speech police out of the business of re look outing a pastors sermon. That is no place for the government in a free society. Tax exemption for churches protects freedom of speech and gets the government out of the role of policing a churchs speech.Taxing Churches Makes No pragmatical SenseUnder simple logic, churches and other nonprofit organizations are exempted from income taxes. though its very true that such organizations are beneficial to the public in many ways, thats not what truly justifies their exemption, as is often argued it is their existence as non-profit entities that does. receipts naturally applies to profit-makers, the generators of revenue upon which government depends. As Professor dean Kelley pointed out in his book, why Churches Should non Be Taxed, Other entities would be pointless, since they are not in any meaningful sense producers of wealth. It is the very nature of a nonprofit organization that makes it tax exempt in that it does not produce wealth like businesses or other taxed entities. So, it makes no practical sense to tax these organizations.In fact, taxing such nonprofits deters their existence and amounts to double taxation. First, all citizens, whether or not involved in a church or other nonprofit, are taxed on their individual incomes. As professor Kelley a gain pointed out, To tax them again for participation in resultful organizations from which they derive no monetary gain would be double taxation indeed, and would effectively serve to discourage them from devoting time, currency, and energy to organizations which contribute to the upbuilding of the fabric of democracy. The only thing a tax exemption for a non-profit organization like a church does is to ensure that all the money an individual puts into a non-profit goes to the purposes he intends without being diverted by the government, which the individual already supports in his individual capacity.Charles Eliot, former President of Harvard, said it best in affirmation before the Committee on Taxation in 1906 when he stated, The things that make it worth time to liveanywhere in the civilized world, are hardly the things which are not taxed. Churches are one of the things that have made it worthwhile to live in the civilized world. Churches, throughout history, have improve d American society and have acted as agents of positive societal change, in admittance to their purpose of providing meaning for peoples lives and ministering to the local community. Even many federal court opinions, right up to the present day, have acknowledged this. To tax churches is to discourage the important work they do in society and to double-tax the individuals who support the church. This makes no practical sense.Read moreShould Churches be Tax Exempt? Answerbag Debateshttp//www.answerbag.com/debates/churches- exempt_1855555ixzz0vHJh7kVVChurch Exemptions Imply Churches Benefit Society Merely by Existing some(prenominal) churches too many are taking advantage of the system, using tax exemptions for selfish or even antisocial goals (e.g., Branch Davidians, the Holy dirt terrorist front, Scientology, and multi- megaire televangelists).The fact is that a church is just another kind of club, but it gets special treatment because the club preaches about a mythology or rel igion ( equal thing). In order for any other club to gain nontaxable status, they must adhere to rules and regulations, declare their income, and prove their worth to society as a whole. spectral clubs get treated differently ONLY because they talk about religion, instead of stamp collecting or todays best-selling books. This is clearly illegal, and its clearly treat.Its illegal because it offers benefits to religious institutions but not to their secular counterparts its wrong because it assumes that every religious institution benefits society by scarcely existing. Churches need not perform any benefit at all in order to get these massive exemptions they merely need to declare themselves religious to be tax-free.Let the Churches ChooseBy removing the automatic tax exemption for religious institutions from the IRS nonprofit code, one of the following two changes will happen upon place at every religious institution1) They will pay their rightful taxes. This, in act upon, wil l benefit everyone in the community by lowering the tax burden, producing more household income which taxpayers can accordingly turn around and donate to the church of their choice. As an aside, this will also allow religious organizations to express political views, as many so desire.-or-2) They will EARN their nonprofit status by performing real benevolence work for the community at large (note outreach is not charity, but merely another word for marketing). Many churches are already doing this, and as coarse as they can prove their likable activity in the analogous manner as other nonprofits, this would continue. However, the possibility of losing tax exemption would be a strong stimulus for churches that are not take uping their status to whole tone up their charity work, again helping the community at large.Churches have been and will continue to be useful to society on the whole, and such earnest organizations should keep their rightful place beside other exempt organ izations that serve community and country. By eliminating the religious exemption we would implement a fair and equitable tax provision that benefits everyone except those who abuse the system or leech from it.Read moreShould Churches be Tax Exempt? Answerbag Debateshttp//www.answerbag.com/debates/churches-tax-exempt_1855555ixzz0vHJxiEuRAnton Tanquintic uhAnton Tanquintic check the purpose of a tax and state that zilch is above the lawAnton Tanquintic then defendAnton Tanquintic thats one argumentTax Exempt Churches Religious Freedom vs Tax ExemptionsShould churches win tax exemptions on their property? Should religious organizations be tax exempt in their businesses even those which compete with for-profit companies? Should individuals receive tax deductions for expenses at private religious schools? It is important to understand what sorts of exemptions exist, why they exist, and how the various court cases have proceeded. The more you know, the better informed your fancy wi ll be.Religious Tax Exemptions Overview of Current LawsTax laws are more complicated than the average person can readily understand tossing into the aggregate various things tax-exempt organizations might or might not be allowed to do threatens to make the task of understanding superhuman in nature. In reality, however, the issue isnt all that complicated and the restrictions on what churches and religious organizations can do arent hard to adhere to.What are Religious Tax Exemptions for Churches?To what extent, and even if, tax exemptions should be given to religious organizations and churches depends on why tax exemptions exist at all. If you think tax exemptions exist because charities provide public benefits, you may be suspicious of giving exemptions to churches. If you think tax exemptions exist because kind organizations have no net income, then churches will should qualify.Why Taxation of Religion MattersTax exemptions may not be the most super C issue facing courts in ar guments over the separation of church and state, it is one of the most fundamental. Initially it appears to be a form of government support for religions and religious activities on the other hand, the power to tax is the power to restrict or destroy, so is exempting religions from taxation a means of ensuring their independence?Do Churches Deserve Tax Exemptions?Based upon court rulings on how tax exemptions for charitable groups work, we cannot be conclude that churches and religious organizations automatically deserve exemptions. Even if one believes that their religion and their church provide a necessary public service, it does not follow that all religions and churches necessarily provide a public service which merits support through tax exemptions.Are Tax Exemptions a Church Subsidy?One of the key arguments offered by those who oppose tax exemptions for churches and religious organizations is that tax exemptions constitute a type of subsidy for these groups. Subsidies for rel igious organizations are unconstitutional, however, because they represent a means by which churches are able to chance public, taxpayer support for their religious goals.Tax Exemptions vs. Church Political ActivityBy not taxing churches, the government is prevented from directly interfering with how churches operate. By the same token, those churches are also prevented from directly interfering with how the government operates in that they cannot keystone any political candidates, they cannot campaign on behalf of any candidates, and they cannot attack any political candidate.Church Tax Exemptions No Political CampaigningNot all churches and religious organizations have been content to live within the rules. sooner a few have attempted to evade the rules, either secretly or very openly, in order to allow churches and religious groups to participate actively in political campaigns even while retaining their charitable tax-exempt status.Religious Tax Exemptions vs. Government Poli ciesMost people are informed that a church or religious organization can retreat their tax exempt status for engaging in partisan political activity, like endorsing a political candidate. What many arent aware of, though, is that the same can happen for promoting or engaging in things contrary to government policy. Tax exemption is a privilege, not a right.Backlash Against Religious Tax Exemption LawsIt is a fact of law that charitable organizations, including churches, which have tax-exempt status are not allowed to participate in political campaigns on behalf of political candidates. A focus of current efforts is to make a direct change in how the laws read in order to ensure that churches can become fully active in political campaigns.Tax Exemptions obtainable to ChurchesAmericas tax laws are designed to favor non-profit and charitable institutions which presumably benefit the community. Churches benefit the most from tax exemptions because they qualify for many of them automa tically, whereas non-religious groups have to go through a more complicated application and approval process. Why?Commercial Tax Exemptions for Church BusinessesTax exemptions on church property used for specific worship purposes or religious work may be most easily defended because of the charitable and community work performed. life-threatening problems come into play, however, when church property is used for commercial purposes. To what extent should the business activities of a religious organization be taxAt a time when ordinary people are being told to tighten their belts and to look for massive reductions in public spending in order to pass the huge government debt incurred as the result of the financial crisis, there are two groups of people who continue to live it up1 The greedy and incompetent investment bankers who caused the financial crisis in the first place and who, nevertheless, continue to use the governments recapitalisation handouts to pay themselves obscene bonuses.2 Religious organisations.While the United States and the European Union are responding to the bankers abject failure to show moderation by imposing restrictions on their bonus payments, they have done nothing to redress the fact that religious organisations are ripping the rest of us off by not paying any tax. 1So while decent, hard-working families struggle to make ends meet, televangelists such as Creflo Dollar continue to order about in their brand new Rolls-Royces 2 and Catholic priests carry on living the life of Reilly in their tax-free, all-expenses-paid parochial houses. The YouTube clips are humorous, of course, but there is many a true word said in jest.And how many hard-working, God-fearing family men can afford to hire young sex-workers to succeed them on luxury, ten-day tours of Europe? Not many, but Baptist Minister George Alan Rekers can. 3 Thats partly because he doesnt pay any tax. (In the interests of full disclosure here, by the way, I should point o ut that Rekers denied knowing that his companion was a male prostitute, even though he hired him from rentboy.com).To put this matter into perspective, The Church of England (CofE) rakes in 1 billion ($1.52 billion) every year tax-free and yet its own website states that even though over 200 million is given tax-efficiently each year through Gift Aid and a further 60 million is recovered from the Inland Revenue in tax. 4In other words, the CofE not only avoids contributing to the public purse, it is actually jewing 60 million pounds a year out of itAnd things are even worse in Germany where citizens are subject to the Kirchensteuer (Church Tax) which nets protestant priests over EUR8 billion (7 billion / $10 billion) every year. 5 A similar situation exists in Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Finland and Iceland where citizens are also forced by law to give a percentage of their income to the church.It seems to me that, with religious observance on the decline to a point where , according to the CofEs own figures only one million people just 1.6% of the British universe of discourse go to church on Sundays 5, the church is becoming increasingly unlike in todays more enlightened society. And yet the churches are still outgrowth fat at the expense of ordinary, hard-working citizens who have to make up the shortfall in tax receipts.This is a scandalous and outdated state of personal matters and I believe it is high time that churches paid their way and, therefore, I duly affirm that religious organisations should no longer enjoy their tax-exempt status.Thank you.1 http//www.irs.gov2 http//www.cbsnews.com3 http//www.independent.co.uk4 http//www.cofe.anglican.org5 http//www.kirchensteuer.de (in German)6 http//www.cofe.anglican.orgReport this ArgumentConReligious organizations, in my opinion, should not pay taxes from church collections and other donations. Money gotten through collections and donations has already been taxed (it comes from a group of peo ple who have already have been taxed). Additionally, the majority of the money gained through collections and donations is used in the purpose of helping others (examples include Haiti, earthquakes, money used to organize soup kitchens, and so on). Additionally, you will note that in certain countries, such as Ireland, 85%1 of the population attends church. That would mean the Church in Ireland does have significant impact on the population.Religious individuals, on the other hand, should be taxed. I dont believe that it is fair reverends who earn government issue through televised programs ought to be allowed to keep any of it, or if they would be allowed, then that income ought to be taxed. Any actual business (such as mass selling, investments, and so on, also ought to be taxed as it is a method of earning). Collections and donations should not be taxed as they are gifts.I apologize in advance for any spelling and/or grammar mistakes and for unclear sentences.Additionally, I apo logize for having such a short counter-argument, however, I am short on time. I beg your understanding.1http//www.nationmaster.comReport this ArgumentProI would like to thank Bernardio for his considered comments to which I make the following responsesIdeally, there would be no taxes, but a country must raise funds somehow.In the past, if a king needed money he would assemble a fleet of frigates and galleons that would be bristling with guns and canons. He would load these ships with cargos of soldiers and send them across the Atlantic to the New innovation to rape and pillage newfound civilisations, and plunder their gold and have it repatriated back to Europe.Unfortunately though, these days the United Nations take a dim view of such activities and it is, therefore, necessary for the government to collect money from the general reality instead.This inevitably leads to the double-taxation my opponent referred to. You pay tax on the money you earn and when you buy something with th e money left over the recipient pays tax on the profit from the sale.But my opponent suggests that churches shouldnt pay tax because they help others in places like Haiti.I looked into this and discovered that a Baptist group from Idaho did indeed stumble to Haiti in the aftermath of the earthquake to help others they were arrested and accused of attempting to traffic 33 children out of the country. 1Presumably their intention was to sell the youngsters on to paedophiles rings in America and if they had not been caught they would have succeeded in their mission their mission being to help others sexually molest vulnerable children.Meanwhile the Jewish Orthodox Union uses their tax-free donations to fund the Institute for Public Affairs 2 which is an American lobby group that opposes humanitarian aid being sent to victims of troops aggression in Palestine, rejects the United Nations and international law and supports the ethnic cleanup of Jerusalem and the illegal Jewish land gr abs in the West Bank.At the same time, there are widespread concerns that tax-free donations made to mosques may be channelled into the hands of Islamic terrorist groups. 3With regard to countries such as Ireland where church attendances are higher, the income from tax paid by the churches would be very cooperative in reducing their budget deficits and allow them to spend more money on schools and hospitals.In conclusion, the activities of religious organisations may seem worthy and fearful by some Christian paedophiles racist Jews Islamic terrorists and others but not everybody welcomes having to pay more tax to make up for the shortfall in receipts from tax-exempt churches, temples, mosques and synagogues.Thank you.http//www.debate.org/debates/Religious-organisations-should-no-longer-enjoy-their-tax-exempt-status/1/1 http//www.telegraph.co.uk2 http//www.ou.org3 http//www.foxnews.comReport this ArgumentConAgreed, a country must raise taxes to run a government though I question my opponents comment on the fact that despoil is now illegal is a bad thing. I, personally, enjoy the fact that people cant run around burning and stealing.I also pretend that there was a, emphasis on a, single group of Baptists who were trying to use the situation in Haiti to there advantage. However, the information that did not get to the media were all the other parishes that collected and sent money for actual aid to refugees.As far as the Jewish Orthodox Union using money for illegal activities is something that ought to be fixed, but youll note that the Catholic Church does not use their tax free status for illegal activities. If you suggest that one example of someone(s) doing something bad ought to influence laws for everyone, then we ought to all b

Basic Structure Of A Computer System Computer Science Essay

Basic Structure Of A Computer organisation Computer Science EssayA computing device is an electronic artifice capable of manipulating number and symbols, first taking scuttlebutt, processing it, storing and giving erupt popput under a control of set operational instructions which is cognize as a plan. A general purpose figurer requires the chase hardw ar comp iodinents memory, storage device (hard disk drive), input device (keyboard, common mackerel etc.), output signal device (screen, printer etc.) and central processing unit ( central processor). roughwhat(prenominal) some other components are involved in addition to the listed components to work in concert efficiently.Computers pot be classified by size and power as followsPersonal reckoner Personal calculating machines are sm each(prenominal) computers cup of tead on a microprocessor. A personal computer has a keyboard for inputting entropy, a oversee for output and a storage device for saving data.Workstati on workstations are ordinarily powerful than a personal computer. It has more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.minicomputer Mini computers are multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.Mainframe computer Mainframe computers are powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting umpteen hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.Super computer Super computers are extremely dissipated computers that tooshie perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.MAIN REPORTCOMPUTER outlineA computer corpse sess be represented victimization the following block diagramCPU agglomerateport measure andControlAddress BusALUI/O pull fixed storageKeyboardMouse etc.selective information BusControl Bus quantifyThe CPU is can be expanded into three principal(prenominal) split The ALU (Arithmetic and Logic building block), The Bus interface Unit, and The Control Bus. The clock is an electronic galvanizing circuit that gives regular pulses to the CPU. Faster clock speeds substance more pulses to the CPU and the instructions are stepped through prodigaler. The memory halt contains millions of separate memory stores and from severally one of these statuss has a unique number. This is known as memory address. The CPU stores data at all of these addresses and fetch the content back when need. pile stands for random advance Memory. These chips store the instructions for running the operating agreement and any computer application. This memory besides stores all the data that is being worked on. RAM is a volatile memory which means that it but stores data fleck the computer remains switched on. When switched off, it loses all the stored data. ROM ( get a line Only Memory) on the other hand is a chip with program instructions permanently ruin into it. The content is non lost even if the machine is switched off.The CPU can either fetch data from or write data when the suppress memory loca tion is accessed. Such data is transferred from the CPU to the memory location along the Data Bus. The control Bus is a set of tracks on the computers motherboard that run from the CPU to the devices and works under the direction of the CPU.LOGIC accessionLogic furnishs perform administration of logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produce a single logic output. It processes signals which represent true or false. It is called Boolean logic and is almost normally apply in digital circuits. Logic penetrations are place by their function NOT, AND, NAND, OR, NOR, EX-OR and EX-NOR and they are usually represented by detonator letter.Logic Gate SymbolsThere are two series of symbols for logic gates the traditional symbols which have distinctive shapes making them easy to fare so they are widely use, and the International Electro technical Commission (IEC) symbols which are rectangles with a symbol inside to show the gate function.Traditional Symbols asc stopant htt p//www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htmIEC seed http//www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htmInputs and OutputsAll Gates except a NOT gate have two or more inputs. A NOT gate has only one input and all gates have only one output. In the following figure, A and B are inputs and Q is the output.Source http//www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htmOther types of gate utilise are NOT gate, AND gate, NAND (NOT AND) gate, OR gate and NOR (NOT OR) gate.Truth tablesA truth table is a good substance to show the function of a logic gate. It shows the output states for every assertable combination of input states. The symbols 0 (false) and 1 (true) are usually utilize in truth tables. The example truth table on the right shows the inputs and output of an AND gate.Input AInput BOutput Q000010100111Computer numbering brassHumans speak to one a nonher in a peculiar(prenominal) language and we use different words and earn. Although we type words and letters in the computer, the computer translates those words and letters into numbers. Computers talk and understand in numbers. Those number systems are Decimal, Hexadecimal fraction, and Binary.The Decimal Number System is the system is most frequently used in arithmetic and in everyday life. The decimal number system is also known as the plant 10 number system as the position in the number represents an additive number with a base of 10. Each position only contains a number between 0 and 9.The Hexadecimal number system is used to represent memory addresses or colours. It is also known as the base 16 number system, because each position in the number represents an additive number with a base of 16. Since the number system is represented in 16s, there are only 10 numbers and 5 letters (A to F).The Binary number system is used by most machines and electrical devices to communicate. It is also known as the base 2 number system, because each position in the number represents an incremental number with a base of 2. Since it is represented it 2s, there are only 2 numbers that can be a value in each position 0 or 1.CPU COMPONENTSThe CPU is the intelligence of the machine but it needs a pre-written program to create, use and modify the data. If the computer needs to contrast two numbers, or add two numbers, this is carried out inside the CPU and the numbers have to be fetched into the CPU from the computers memory chip. The three main components of CPU are Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU), Bus porthole unit, and the Control Bus.Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) carries out all the calculations and ratiocination making tasks. The ALU uses devices called gates that receive one or more inputs and establish up what function they are designed to perform, outputs a result. The sanctioned operations of an ALU include adding and subtracting binary values as well as playing logical operations such as AND, NOT, OR AND XOR.The Bus Interface Unit takes the data to and from the CPU which is held inside internal registers (small memory stores) a long the external Data Bus to picture and write memory and devices. The Data Bus carries information in both directions. The Bus Interface Unit also places the required location addresses on the Address Bus, so that the required devices can be accessed for reading or writing.The Control Bus is the sensible connection that carries control information between the CPU and other devices at bottom the computer. It decodes all program instructions and dictates all the CPUs control and timing mechanisms. It sends out the read and write signals on the Control Bus.COMPUTER MEMORYThe computer has to temporarily store the program and data in an area where it can be used by the computers processor to work. This area is known as the computers memory. It consists of computer chips that are capable of storing information. These information could be the operating system (e.g. DOS, windows etc.), the instruction of the program to run (e.g. a database or a drawing program), or the data that is us ed or created (e.g. letters from word-processing or records from a database). There are different types of memory used in a computer system. They are Cache memory, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), and Virtual Memory.Cache memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a computers CPU (L1 stash) or in some cases located next to it on a separate chip (L2 amass). L1 cache is faster than L2 cache as it is built into the CPU. These days, newer computer come with L3 cache which is faster than RAM but lazy than L1 and l2 cache. Cache memory is used to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs and helps to rectify overall system speed. The reason it is so fast is that the CPU does not have to use the motherboards system bus for data transfer.Random Access Memory (RAM) is the memory chip that consists of a large number of cells, each cell having a fixed capacity for storing data and unique address. RAM is a volatile memory which means all the programs and data in the memory is lost when the machined is switched off. There are different types of RAM modules visible(prenominal) such as SODIMM, SDRAM, DDR, DDR2 and DDR3. SODIMM are used for laptops whereas the rest are used for desktop computers.Read Only Memory (ROM) is a memory chip in which the program instructions are permanently burned into. It is non-volatile which means its content is not lost even when the machined is switched off. It is used to store some of the system programs that keep the computer running smoothly. For example computer BIOS (basic input out system) is stored on the ROM. There are different types of ROM available such as Programmable ROM (PROM), erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), and Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM).Virtual Memory is a single out of most operating system. It is used when the amount of RAM is not enough to run all the programs. If the operating system, an email program, a web browser, a word processor, a Photosho p application are loaded into the RAM simultaneously, the RAM will not be able to handle all applications and thus the computer looks at RAM for areas that have not been used recently and copies them onto the hard drive. This frees up space in RAM to load new application. But because the read/write speed of a hard drive is much slower than that of RAM, the performance is not satisfactory. It is not recommended to use virtual memory as it is slow. The solution to this problem would be to upgrade the memory.SYSTEM SOFTWAREA computer system is not complete without system software product. For a computer to perform any tasks, both software and ironware are as important. System software gives life to hardware. System softwares are the files and programs that make up a computers operating system. It includes libraries of functions, system services, driver for hardwares, system preferences, and other embodiment files. System software comprises of Assembler, Debugger, Compilers, Operatin g System, File management tools etc. The system software is installed on the computer when the operating system is installed. It can also be updated by running programs such as windows update.The system software is also called low-level software as it runs at the most basic level of the computer. It generates the user interface and allows the operating system to interact with the hardware however system software is not meant to be run by the end user like application programs. Application programs such as web browser, or Microsoft word is often used by the end user whereas the end user does not use an assembler program unless he/she is a computer programmer. The system software runs in the flat coat and thus the user does not have to worry nigh what the system software is doing.CONCLUSIONIn the report, the basic structure of a computer system was described with diagram. Different components such as CPU, memory, BUS, input/output devices that form a computer system were identified and explained. General ideas about Logic gates were given and different number systems used by computers to represent data were also described. As the CPU is the main part of a computer system, it was further looked into and Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Bus and Bus interface Unit were discussed. Different types of memory and their uses were explained and the importance of the system software was discussed finally.

Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- Kill Mockingbird Harper Le

Harper Lees To drink down a Mockingbird courage is the quality of mind that enables adept to lawsuit danger with confidence, resolution, and gain a firm control of oneself. Many of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird showed courage in their own way. courageousness can come in many a(prenominal) different forms physical, mental, emotional and moral. Courage is not the only main theme displayed in To Kill a Mockingbird prejudice and education are also very primal themes exhibited through off the progression of the novel. Through the eyes of Scout Finch, a bright, crude and intelligent gnomish girl, these themes of the novel are explored in great depth.The many forms of courage are shown throughout the novel by the characters of Jem, doll (Arthur), Mrs. Dubose, and Atticus. Jem showed one of the greatest acts of physical courage as he protected his little sister Scout from the attack of Bob Ewell on the night of Halloween. Boo was also very courageous, he lived many years w ithout human contact. That is a lonely thing to do, and it took mental courage for him to try and reach out to Jem and Scout when his father kept him imprisoned. Emotional courage is shown through Mrs. Dubose she was a morphine addict and it took great courage for her to quit before her wipeout to die beholden to nothing and nobody. Atticus is one of the approximately courageous characters in the novel. He showed moral courage when he defended a black man who was falsely charged with the rape of a color woman. He stood up for ...

An Analysis of Robert Frosts Once by the Pacific Essays -- Once by th

An Analysis of Robert covers at one time by the Pacific Most readers are familiar with the poetry of Robert Frost, but they may not be familiar with his song Once by the Pacific. This metrical composition stands out from most of his popular poems, which frequently relate to rural unfermented England life. Many critics have thus commented that his works are too simple. Once by the Pacific, however, seems to altercate this opinion, as it is one of Frosts more difficult poems to interpret. Although this poem also is connected with nature, the theme is more universal in that it could be related to Armageddon, or the end of the world. Even though this theme may seem simple, it is really complex because we do not know how Frost could possibly relate to the events leading to the end of the world. It is an uncertain and sometimes polemic topic, and even if everyone was certain it was coming, we do not know exactly how it willing occur and when. Therefore, how did Fro st envision this event? Is he portraying it in a ghostly context, a naturalistic one, or both? The shoemakers last line (14) speaks of graven image putting out the light, which brings out a religious reference, but the bulk of the poem chain reactors with nature entirely. Physical images of water, clouds, continents, and cliffs present a much more complex setting than the simple setting in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy flush or the yellow wood in The Road Not Taken. As a misty rain settles on the waters, all the waves have the attentive to pound the earth with destructive forces, and it seems as though Frost personifies these waves. For example, the waves estimation of doing something to the shore / That water never did to land before. Is Frost portraying beau ideal as in control of t... ...wn. In this poem, Frost challenges this doubt with his matter of course of these future events. Although Frost lays out an ultimatum of these events to come, it is up to th e reader to come to his have resolution to these images. This is why Frost paints this intense picture by the waters-to challenge the reader in a natural setting as to how to deal with it. As James Guimond stated in the anthology, he assumed the unaccompanied individual could question and work out his or her aver relationships to God and existence-preferably in a natural setting and with a few discrete references to Christianity and Transcendentalism (1147). Therefore, it can be interpreted that Frost intended to give-up the ghost nature with religion in these images. The confusion the reader deals with is matched by his own epiphany in dealing with the experience, and the result is a balance between the two.

Assessment of Into the Wild Essays -- essays papers

Assessment of Into the Wild Although precisely on charge in his assessment of Chris McCandless being in touch with the bare-bones essence of record, Gordon Youngs preceding description of Chris should be rephrased A profoundly Un-American figure, unyielding in his approach and thoroughly optimistic about the future. For Chris McCandless did not go under out to show or prove his American character. Neither does he approve or want to exemplify a true fresh American character, because true American character does not seek solitude, preferring the saddleback roof to the streetcar, or the star-sprinkled sky to a roof, or, especially, the obscure and tight trail, leading into the unknown, to any paved highway and the deep place of the loony to the discontent bred by cities, as states Everett Ruess. In fact, in todays world of immortal comforts and conveniences, nature and getting away means setting up a tent in the backyard, or driving our RV to a campground, plugging in the heat, the television, and the cell phone and drinking a beer.Yes, Chris McCandless exemplified what it is to be unconventional, untraditional, nature-loving. Whats much important, Chris showed us a particular degree of emancipation, what true liberty is about--the freedom not only of the individual, but the freedom of something much higher than that--the freedom of the mind. Freedom from societal restraints of always having to be someone, playing some role. much than anyone, so far, Chris ...

Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Kurt Vonnegut Cats Cradle Essays

Paradoxical spirit of Life Exposed in Kurt Vonneguts Cats CradleKurt Vonneguts apocalyptic novel, Cats Cradle, might well up be called an intricate network of conundrum and irony. It is with such irony and paradox that Vonnegut himself describes his work as poisoning minds with humanity...to encourage them to make a reveal world (The Vonnegut Statement 107). In Cats Cradle, Vonnegut does not tie his co-mingled plots into easy to compendium bites as the short chapter structure of his story implies. Rather, he implores his reader to steadiness the paradoxes and ironies of Cats Cradle by simply allowing them to exist. By drawing our attention to the un well-founded nature of life, Vonnegut releases the reader from the necessity of creating meaning into a realm of countless possibility. It appears that Vonnegut sees the impulse toward making a better world as aboriginal to the human spirit that when the obstacle of meaning is removed the reader, he supposes, allow for naturally improve the world.Like a dream filled with heterogeneous characters and situations which one is compelled to discuss and analyze the next day, Vonnegut uses dark humor to snap his readers world. The Cornell medical student whom the narrator, Jonah, first interviews by mail turns out to be a midget. The brilliant nuclear physicist, the father of the atom bomb, is infantile. Writers and college professors are requisite to human existence, and Boko-maru is a form of love that can happen anytime, anywhere, and with anyone.By creating new religious and scientific vocabularies, Vonnegut infiltrates the readers very mind. Bokononist ideas and principles that are almost reasonable give the reader a temporary framework for rendering, As it was supposed to happen, Bokonon would recount (Cats Cradle 63). Never too far from reality, Bokonon tells us that it is very rail at to not to love everyone exactly the same. What does your religion say? (CC 141). Vonneguts prophet cuts pen up to th e bone, and so he must in order to reach the philosophic roots of the readers belief system. Yet, the security of any and every belief and interpretation of any and all of the characters is in one way or another(prenominal) polluted until there is nowhere to turn.

Good Earth Olan Essay -- Essays Papers

hefty Earth Olan Throughout The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck, O-lan showed herself as a precise meek fair sex. O-lan was a slave in the House of Hwang before her marriage was arranged by the Old Mistress of the House of Hwang. O-lan was faithful throughout the disk to Wang Lung through harvest, famine, and even when Wang Lung brought home another woman. O-lan was a hard histrion and worked even when no one told her to. She had wisdom that only a slave and a hardworking woman could acquire. Pearl S. Buck reveals many things that e actually show O-lan to be the humble woman she was. O-lans physical appearance showed her as a really blue woman. When Wang Lung sees her, he stares at O-lan seeing that, field of operation though her face was and rough the skin upon her hands the flesh of her oversized body was soft and untouched . . . her body was beautiful, spare, and big boned heretofore rounded and soft (26). From her physical qualities, it is clear that O-l an isnt a spoiled woman who sits around all day, but a hard worker. She is described as an ugly, flat-footed, stolid-faced woman. Many times, Wang Lung secretly wishes that O-lan didnt have such big feet. During the time of this book, wo manpowers feet were constrain so they would be smaller. O-lan had big feet because they were neer bound. This was another aspect of Chinese life that seemed designed to make women suffer was the practice of altering the feet of girls so they could barely walk. The Chinese custom of foot binding was meant to please men esthetically and to enhance a mans status by showing he was wealthy enough for his wife or concubine not to work.O-lan utter many significant things that showed her to be the modest woman she was. She was a very quiet woman. Though she spoke very few words, they meant so much. In the first part of the book, when the Ancient One asked O-lan if she was develop to head into the origination with this stranger, answering in her not loud, not soft, plain, and not ill-tempered voice, she says, ready (17). Many times, O-lan is fearful of speaking. When it is the first time taking hot irrigate to the old man, she tells Wang Lung fearfully, I took no tea to the Old One-I did as you said-but to you I . . . (27). O-lan listens wellspring to Wang Lung, but fears that she is not doing her jobs correctly. O-lans timidity when she first gets married is only inseparable for her situation. At the b... ...d (36). Other characters in the novel said things about O-lan that showed her to be the modest woman she was. When Wang Lung was talking to his father, he said a hooking shouldnt be expected of O-lans appearance. He said, We are farmers. Moreover, who has heard of a sanely slave who was a virgin in a wealthy residence? All the young lords have had their fill of her. (18) O-lan was obviously a very bold and important woman in this novel yet never knew it. She would do what she was raised to do and try her best to make her economize happy. Through all her marriage, she helped Wang Lung to be one of the wealthiest men in his city. epoch O-lan endured many difficulties, she continued with her duties as wife through thick and thin. Whether it was her begging on the streets for food and money, or putting up with Lotus, her husbands concubine, O-lan remained a smashed woman with good qualities until the day she died. While she usually had little to say, O-lans contact on the Lung family is one that wont be forgotton. She accomplished all of her goals in life and fulfilled her marital duty in making Wang Lung very happy. Even after all this, O-lan still was a very modest woman.

It’s Time to Tell the True History of Texas :: Personal Narrative

Its Time to Tell the True Hi flooring of TexasWhen the Bob confidential information Texas State Hi bilgewater museum opened in March 2001, it advertised itself as The Story of Texas. It still calls itself the story of Texas in letters chiseled into the solve of the building, on its Web site, on signs directing visitors to the museum, and even on the refrigerator magnets you can buy in the gift shop. When I first aphorism the slogan, I wondered how there could be the story of Texas, since Texas has been culturally diverse passim its history as a part of Mexico that became a separate rural area and later a state. Shortly Texas will have no virtuoso group as a majority. I grew up in the Rio Grande Valley, where the prominent majority of the population, like me, is Mexican American. How was this new museum going to present my story? I had to go and find out. When I first walked into the lobby, I detect the large mosaic on the floor but I couldnt figure out what it depicted. I just saw a campfire and a bunch of wiggly figures. Someone next to me told their kids that theyd be open to see the entire mosaic from the third floor. I decided to clutch and do the same. The first exhibit I saw was the It Aint Braggin if its True (one of my friends told me I had to see the shrine to Lance Armstrong and the rhinestone car). The summon of the exhibit didnt make practically sense to me though arent all museum exhibits, especially ones about history, supposed to be true? The macro banner in the middle of the room didnt help much either. It simply said Vision and had a quote about how plainly those with great vision can see opportunity where others see invalidate space. Maybe those who have this type of vision get the braggin rights? Texas was never a big empty space. The Spaniards and later the French who came here discovered cultures that were centuries old. only if history, and the museum itself, begins with European colonization. The history of Texas, one of the signs says, was shaped by the way the variant groups of people who came to Texas responded to the land and to each other. So land, and interaction between unalike groups of people, would be used a lot in the telling of this story of Texas, I assumed.

Shakespeares Othello - Essay on Iago as the Hero of Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Iago as the Hero of Othello   Make an argument that Iago is the hero sandwich, not the villain of this play. Why could we look at him that way? If he is the hero, who does this strain as the villain and why? What values are important if Iago is the hero? In the play Othello, many can and would label Iago as a villain or even an/the enemy of the play. Im not going to differ or agree with anyones opinion on whether Iago is the/an villain or not, because e sincerelybody has their witness point of view. The purpose of me writing this paper is to prove that Iago is not a villain, well at least not a villain in the play Othello. Iago was the main character who caused all the destruction at the block of the play, however there was always some worries going along in the play because Othello was a black man and he was married to the young, very much younger than him, Desdemona. Who also is a white lady. Neither the less(prenominal) this essay is not about Othello and Desdemona . Iago had Othello believe that Cassio was having an affair with Desdemona. There isnt really any conclusion or reasoning for Iagos doings, perhaps besides the further reason which he knows. And that reason none of us know of. The scarcely conclusion i can come up with on why Iago has done what he done is because he was looking out for himself. This reminds me of a saying i use to always hear. Nothing is going to discover for yourself unless you make it happen yourself. I dont know if Iago knew what the outcome of his doings would be, which was cobblers last for him, but i do believe he did the things he did because he was looking out for himself. Iago had to take things in his own hands and do what he felt was best. As i said before i truly dont believe he knew what the outcome would be because nobody wants destruction and i believe Iago did not want death. When i approached these thesis as of whether Iago can be consider a hero, i had/have a point that can base him as a he ro but no for himself but for others. I dont know if that is the way i was cipher to approach the topic, but i do believe Iago was a hero.