tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75956262248250504862023-06-20T06:25:13.873-07:00Essay writing tutorsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.comBlogger377125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-32666748252321575492020-09-03T08:39:00.001-07:002020-09-03T08:39:08.940-07:00Top 5 internet privacy myths about social media debunked Term PaperTop 5 web protection fantasies about online life exposed - Term Paper Example To begin with, a few online interpersonal organizations brief the clients to give honest data about their personality. For instance, Facebook, which right now the most prevalently utilized interpersonal organization site on the planet, permits clients to give nitty gritty data concerning who they are on the profile page. Notwithstanding this prerequisite, Facebook has pulled in countless clients implying that numerous individuals wouldn't fret sharing such close to home data. In any case, there have been a few situations where interpersonal organization clients give bogus data concerning their personality, something that has not been decidedly gotten by other informal community clients. Of more centrality, honest recognizable proof of informal community clients is helpful to the webhost organizations. In spite of the way that distinctive interpersonal organization sites give changing protection levels to their clients, a significant number of these social organizations urge their customers to give honest data concerning themselves to the level they can be OK with. For instance, when utilizing facebook, one can select not to fill the whole data mentioned for in the profile page. By empowering individuals from interpersonal organizations to give honest data, webhost organizations have had the option to adequately deal with the methods of direct of individuals in their informal organization sites. This is on the grounds that individuals will in general depict a positive picture to the open when they can be effortlessly distinguished by others. Also, appropriate and honest distinguishing proof in informal communication sites has been sponsored by different enactments that look to shield the general population from destructive exercises completed in interpersonal organizations. As a rule, individuals with malevolent aims like to mask their character to general society so as to diminish their odds of being recognized without any problem. For instance, individuals with bogus ID in online long range informal communication destinations don't think that its hard to Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-72183487566645327332020-08-27T17:56:00.001-07:002020-08-27T17:56:03.739-07:00Female circumcision Essay Example for FreeFemale circumcision Essay Female circumcision, additionally alluded to as female genital mutilation, is a customary work on going back to old occasions in numerous African and Middle Eastern nations. It is a technique that includes the cutting, consuming or expulsion of the clitoris, labia and sexual tissues; the points of interest of the system shift by area and culture. Female circumcision is performed on little youngsters for the most part between the ages of five and twelve years of age. A significant number of the young ladies are deceived or constrained into the strategy, which is performed by a lady in the town with information on the convention however no clinical instruction or preparing. While it is viewed as a soul changing experience for young ladies in these societies, female circumcision has no substantial clinical reason. The act of female genital circumcision is a restoratively superfluous one that leaves ladies with perpetual physical, mental and passionate torment and scarring. Female genital mutilation strategies are done any other way in different pieces of the world. At times, the clitoris is cut from the body. In others, the clitoris and labia, the sexual tissues that are outer to the vaginal opening, are removed and the vaginal opening is sewed closed. As indicated by Anika Rahman, there are, ââ¬Å"numerous different methods that have been reported, for example, pricking, penetrating, extending or consuming of the clitoris as well as encompassing tissuesâ⬠(8). The technique is generally done by a lady of the town or clan assigned for simply this undertaking. It is typically performed with blades or extremely sharp steels that are not sterile in unsanitary situations and conditions, expanding the hazard for contamination and confusions. Performing such an unpredictable clinical technique outside of an emergency clinic and without prepared clinical work force can bring about an assortment of inconveniences, including urinary tract diseases, pelvic contaminations and weakness from overabundance dying. One of the most well-known long haul confusions from female circumcision is agony and inconvenience during sex. Adding to this basic issue is the way that numerous ladies whose vaginal openings are sewed shut are compelled to remain as such until their first sexual involvement in their foreordained spouse, which can prompt tearing, draining and further tissue harm or scarring. There are passionate and mental scars that go with female genital mutilation alongside the physical ones. In Tears of the Desert, Halima Bashir portrays her encounters at eight years of age wherein a young lady is caused to feel exceptional without being determined what explicitly will be done to her: ââ¬Å"In our custom circumcision should check the entry from girlhood to womanhood, thus I was dealt with as though I were getting marriedâ⬠(55). She portrays being held somewhere near her own grandma while a town lady cuts her with an extremely sharp steel and that, ââ¬Å"I realized that some place somewhere down in my lost womanhood there was a copying heart of anguish, however I had expelled my psyche to a spot where it couldnââ¬â¢t be harmed anymoreâ⬠(57). These words sound like those of an injury casualty in stun instead of those of a young lady that has experienced a conventional soul changing experience, giving a case of the feelings that can be experienced by a young lady constrained into female circumcision with no earlier information on the method. In a meeting with Alice Walker, another lady portrayed how she was captured by companions of her family and circumcised: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦her mother had disclosed to her they were heading off to a spot where there were numerous bananas. She cherished bananas. At the point when they showed up, she was caught by ladies sheââ¬â¢d never observed, nailed somewhere near them, circumcised, and saved isolated for two weeksâ⬠(Walker 42). Various records reflect recollections of burning physical agony, tearing, dying, and blacking out. The acknowledgment this is done to a young lady when she is as youthful as five years of age causes the technique to appear to be considerably progressively fierce. The genuine procedure of female circumcision is distinctive in every nation that rehearses it as are the explanations for it. There are no substantial clinical purposes behind the method, and most nations that training female circumcision hold it as a social convention or transitional experience as opposed to a strict ritual. Rahman states, ââ¬Å"It is critical to take note of that female circumcision is a social, not a strict practice. The training originates before the appearance of Christianity and Islam in Africa and isn't a prerequisite of either religionâ⬠(6). In these nations, most ladies are viewed as the property of their families until they are offered away to the spouses their folks has decided for them to wed, and it is viewed as essential to go to marriage explicitly unadulterated and a virgin. It is put stock in these societies that female circumcision is one approach to smother sexual desires, to forestall sexual movement, and to guarantee that a girlââ¬â¢s virginity is kept unblemished. A young lady that isnââ¬â¢t circumcised is viewed as filthy, unclean, and explicitly degenerate. Ayaan Hirsi Ali portrays how, during her youth in Somalia, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦little young ladies were made ââ¬Ëpureââ¬â¢ by having their private parts cut outâ⬠¦I was a Somali lady, and along these lines my sexuality had a place with the proprietor of my family, my dad or my unclesâ⬠¦the place between my legsâ⬠¦would be broken uniquely by my husbandâ⬠(Ali 31, 72). This mentality is a usually acknowledged one in nations that training female circumcision, driving moms to expose their girls to a similar practice that was done to them and frequently bamboozle them so as to constrain them to submit to convention. Numerous young ladies are encouraged that they will be genuinely messy and unacceptable for any man to need to wed and will subsequently carry disgrace and shame to their families on the off chance that they are not circumcised to keep them unadulterated until marriage. Rheman states, ââ¬Å"Refusing to experience female circumcision may risk a womanââ¬â¢s family relations, her public activity or her capacity to discover a spouseâ⬠(25). Since a large portion of these young ladies stay in their home towns their whole lives, the idea that not all ladies experience this strategy is regularly unimaginable to them. Halima Bashir relates how, when she disappeared to school and experienced young ladies her age that hadnââ¬â¢t been compelled to experience circumcision, ââ¬Å"At first I didnââ¬â¢t trust it. I had recently assumed that all young ladies experienced their cutting timeâ⬠(145). In spite of the fact that it might be custom, there is evidence that female circumcision damages womenââ¬â¢s human rights and ought to be illicit. The worldwide arrangement known as the Womenââ¬â¢s Convention safeguards ladies against human rights infringement and sexual separation. As per the show, states Rheman, ââ¬Å"female circumcision must meet two head measures. One, it must be a differentiation dependent on sex and two, it must have the impact or motivation behind disabling the equivalent satisfaction in rights by ladies. Female circumcision fits inside this meaning of sex discriminationâ⬠(21). Female circumcision is expected to prevent ladies from encountering physical joy during sex or in any event, having the option to engage in sexual relations outside of their authorized marriage, making it a type of sex separation. Female circumcision has the right to be perceived as a custom in the African and Middle Eastern nations in which it has been polished. Be that as it may, its acknowledgment doesn't warrant the proceeded with misuse and infringement of human privileges of the ladies in these nations. These ladies are exposed to long periods of physical agony, sexual issues, diseases and childbearing confusions. These techniques are dispensed upon them without their assent and without advising them regarding the wellbeing dangers or options. It speaks to an obsolete perspective on ladies where they are underestimated and rewarded as property rather than free-suspecting people with equivalent rights and voices. Female circumcision may be convention, yet itââ¬â¢s one that should be banned for the wellbeing and security of ladies and for the sake of maintaining the human privileges surprisingly. Works Cited Bashir, Halima. Tears of the Desert. New York: Ballantine, 2008. Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Unbeliever. New York: Free Press, 2007. Rahman, Anika, ed. Female Genital Mutilation: A Guide to Laws and Policies Worldwide. New York: Zed Books, 2001. Walker, Alice and Prathiba Parmar. Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Women. New York: Harvest Books, 1993. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-48101366915814980882020-08-22T18:48:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:48:30.411-07:00optimism in candide Essays - Motivation, Philosophy Of Lifehopefulness in candide Voltaire's Candide utilizes hostile to gallantry as an object of joke against the scholars of the Enlightenment. Candide, the saint of the novel goes far and wide where he experiences numerous troubles. During his movements, he adheres to the educating of his coach, Doctor Pangloss, accepting that everything is generally advantageous (3). The sheer idiocy of these unreasonable ends calls attention to Voltaire's concern with most positive thinkers: the outlandish degree to which they would convey their teaching.. Pangloss' translation of circumstances and logical results is so oblivious as to be humorous, for example, the material science exercise ?. While Candide recounts to a fascinating story, it is progressively significant as a parody. Nonetheless, this doesn't demonstrate Voltaire is a worrier. In Albert Camus the plague there is an alternate sort of good faith. As the plague assumes control over the town and an ever increasing number of individuals begin passing on the principle character Rieux is the one in particular who stays to have a feeling of idealism. Albert Camus was educated to look on the more brilliant side of life from a little youngster or so as per his personal history. Like rieux who appeared to be the one in particular who didn't look for avarice or separation during the amazingly tough time. Scholars accepted that reason could be utilized to clarify everything. The logicians accepted that individuals could improve the world a spot to live in. Voltaire is against such positive thinking. Voltaire decides to disentangle it to the degree that it appeared to be careless and ridiculous, and he proceeded to make us think if bliss was genuine .1-2). As per Voltaire genuine bliss must be knowledgeable about a stunning world. The difficulty that Candide suffers in the wake of leaving Eldorado comes full circle in his inevitable relinquishment of positive thinking. Candide loses four of his sheep loaded down with extremely valuable gems because of common causes, and afterward observes his two residual sheep taken, and the nearby officer apathetic regarding the robbery. Absolutely, [says Candide,] if everything works out positively, it is in Eldorado and not in the remainder of the world (42). Candide goes above and beyond, Gracious Pangloss, cried Candide, you have no idea of these cursed things! I'm through; I should surrender your positive thinking all things considered. What's good faith? Said Cacambo. Oh, said Candide, it is a madness for making statements are well when one is in hellfire (40). Candide's cheerful perspective on life is diverged from and tested by enduring that he experiences, all through the book. Henceforth, Voltaire utilizes the book to show silliness of good faith. Voltaire additionally mocks religion. As indicated by him the amazingly devout and the pastorate are eager to walk out on their individual man, yet the individuals who have not been purified through water are happy to loan some assistance. Candide, not long after the fight, approaches numerous strict people for donations, however they all, including one who had quite recently addressed on good cause, would not help him. At last Jacques the Anabaptist has compassion for his kindred human, a featherless biped having a spirit (6). Voltaire assaults not just the sweeping confidence of Dr. Pangloss, yet in addition the strict part of confidence that there is a cooperative attitude managing natural occasions. The way that great and terrible the same endure and bite the dust is by all accounts proof that God isn't in control. Voltaire accepted that God had deserted the world since he was a Jesuit. (183). the bad faith of religion, particularly that of the Roman Catholic Church, is repetitiv e in Candide. Hidden the parody of strict practices is Voltaire's shock at all types of enthusiasm and prejudice. Voltaire guarantees that strict pioneers fault the fall of man [as the system] we put on all these individual ailments. Voltaire includes, plainly the framework sabotages the very establishments of the Christian religion, and clarifies nothing by any stretch of the imagination (88) , Camus passes on his own way of thinking with a specific goal in mind so his characters are dependent upon his own standards and ethics. Camus accepts there is no god, and basically that individuals should be liable for their own lives ,joy and tolerability .through the eyes of the entirety of his characters .Through his utilization of bogus good faith . Swim says Voltaire annihilates the way of thinking of hopefulness by graphically Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-52731030331547239272020-08-22T12:43:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:43:37.815-07:00American and Japanese values system Essays -- compare, contrast, comparJapan and America each have their own worth framework that draws practically identical enthusiasm for how it shapes society and examples of association. Despite the fact that there are similitudes between the two-esteem frameworks, it is basic to comprehend the crucial contrasts that manage uniformity, regard, and correspondence style. Understanding the inspirations driving practices will prompt effective intercultural communications. Japanese society shows a sexual orientation base delineation of society. Male strength over female adds to maintaining standards and desires for sexual orientation explicit division of work. Still pervasive and demonstrated after by most family units in Japan, is that the male is ordinary salaryman ââ¬Ëbreadwinnerââ¬â¢ that gives just the financial methods. In the mean time, the female is the ââ¬Ëshufuââ¬â¢ or the full house spouse is liable for the family unit, bringing up kids, and the prosperity of the husbandââ¬â¢s guardians. The manly and ladylike discourse designs further refines the sex jobs and the sexual orientation partition in all spaces of society. Manly discourse is obscene while ladylike discourse is politer in subtlety. Despite the fact that the establishments that keep ladies from going into the workforce are transforming, it is trash that a womanââ¬â¢s vocation peck at age 25 and expected to come back to the house wedded with ââ¬Ëshufuââ¬â¢ du ties. ââ¬ËCareer womenââ¬â¢ are underestimated from society for having a higher status in pay or instruction to bravo. This appears differently in relation to Americaââ¬â¢s society of equity. Male and female are urged to seek after individual objectives and goals as serious equivalents. The straightforwardness of establishments debilitates separation and empowers ladies to endeavor and advance in their professions in the majo... ... pressing together joy by having the option to make progress toward singular accomplishment and wants. Numerous Americans would return to class to look for better aptitudes or degrees in improving the accessible open doors throughout everyday life. Comparative in Japan, desires by guardians drive their children into the right elementary schools and later, pack schools, so as to excel in view of the assessment culture. At an early age, these children discover that personal growth is the methods for keeping away from minimization open and family disgrace. The major contrasts between the American and Japanese qualities framework is the distinction in individualistic and cooperation propensities. The two Americans and Japanese see share likenesses in time direction and personal development. Understanding the center suspicions of each culture will improve the intercultural associations and advance a worldwide awareness. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-52900069212451235272020-08-21T16:30:00.001-07:002020-08-21T16:30:38.896-07:00Social Construction of Freaks by Robert Bogdan free essay sampleOn my outing to come here and going over certain nations , I have the experience to see, it again in Guatemala, Mexico, and The United States, yet the intriguing thing about it was that in each spot, it happened in an unexpected way, in any case the assets, economy circumstance, and training level. It additionally keeps occurring in the life of young people in various scale, issues and hindrances. My motivation to compose this paper is to give you what an ability show is , my motivation to arrange it, when and where it will occur, who will partake in it, and what I will realize by sorting out it. This ability show will be free for all youthcareââ¬â¢s staff, customers and volunteers that give their time as their cash, and the most significant thing is to share their affection and commitments to change a great deal of lives. Anyway, in this ability show 10 young people will perform by indicating various gifts, and every last one of them will get a prize for being fearless to be on the phase before many individuals. We will compose a custom article test on Social Construction of Freaks by Robert Bogdan or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Moreover, there will be an ability champ that will be picked by the crowd in the occasion. The eventââ¬â¢s subject will be trust and the view will be finished with various hopeââ¬â¢s statements and individuals of expectation. What does ability show mean? All things considered, I was turning upward in the web for the significance of an ability appear. I found the best and basic portrayal on Wikipedia; it depict an ability appear as an occasion where members play out their gifts of acting, singing, moving, trapeze artistry, drumming, military, expressions, playing instruments, and others exercises to feature an exceptional type of ability . Itââ¬â¢s in some cases for a prize, trophy or prize, school gifts show grants of first, second, and third spot. What does an ability show mean for me? for me, an ability show is an approach to communicate, show our estimations, and consolidate it whit the enthusiasm and aptitudes that god provide for every one of us. Comprehending what we have, to have the option to demonstrate Its to the world. The excellence about an ability appear, itââ¬â¢s that destroy, skin shading, sexual orientation, religion are on the way, in light of the fact that the most significant are yours aptitudes, gifts, and all the slants that you put in to it; the notions that originate from you hearth, no from your shading, nationality, sex, or religion. Your abilities itââ¬â¢s the give that god provided for you, however you need o discover it and when you understand how extraordinary, and ability you will be; you will be prepared to provide for the world a solid splendid, with the ability to offer light to everybody in your side. Previously, I came to Seattle; I was in Houston, Texas, in a high security migration program for under 18 workers young people whit criminal delist. The vast majority of the children there have criminal records in the United States. At the principal day I was there one children was broking a t. v. with a seat, the protections were attempting to control him. What's more, I was so startling, on the grounds that the greater part of the customers were violents and mean one another; some of them were packs individuals from two distinct sides in California. Anyway, regardless, how violents they were, I found something that astonished me. The majority of these children were no terrible or merited the word lawbreakers. T hello simply did things that were awful, however it donââ¬â¢t need to said that they were terrible children whit awful assessments or awful individuals. What's more, practically the vast majority of this children was listening me, regarding me, and getting alone with me, yet not before regarding them, listening them, attempting to comprehend they approach to being; understanding were they originated from, who they relatives are, and the circumstances that occurred in their life. I found that these folks just have required and still need somebody to tune in, comprehend, and propel to have faith in their aptitudes, limits, gifts, their fantasies. Individuals to do see them how important they are. No one like to be investigated by others, however something tragic about this world is that a large portion of individuals do. Itââ¬â¢s simple to pundit and see the awful things that others do, the hard thing is to attempt to tuning in and under thing others. At any rate in Texas, adolescent prison for under 18 migrants, rulers were astrictive, for example we could out to the jailââ¬â¢s yard one hour daily and keeping in mind that that time, the majority of the adolescents were playing soccer since they cherished; I additionally understood that other youthful adored moving, singing, drawing, and make things by hands, the greater part of them were so gifts. What's more, I was having living there for two months. I needed to searching for the best approach to give them how ability, they were, however for show improvement over word. I need activities and models that demonstrate it to them; sooner or later of contemplating it. I accompanied the end to ask to the staff there and get from them thoughts, that could give me a gin about, what to do? to cause conceivable to rouse the children from that point, by indicating their capacities. nyway when I approached to a portion of the staff for thoughts no all responding positive about it; some of them said it to me, ââ¬Å"I can see your great intension; Carlos, however the main ability that I can see in the vast majority of them is to shout, and battle each otherââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ this sort of negative analyses didnââ¬â¢t stop me to continuo to searching for an approach to compose something that show my friendââ¬â¢s gifts that at that point, I was seeing them how siblings. Moreover one of my preferred staff and companion gave me what I was searching for. Miss, Edith gave me the plan to arrange an ability appear, she is from, Colombia and the individual that instructs me to utilize a PC, and some Basic English. Anyway, she accompanied the good thought that I have to urge and to show to my latins siblings there how esteem they are; with the thought in my grasp. I started to discuss it with them. I was so energetic, in light of the fact that it will cause them to get more trust in their self. Something intriguing about my way of life itââ¬â¢s that most latins donââ¬â¢t like to be portions of occasions, it mean doing anything in from of individuals. Its fundamental explanation is on the grounds that most latinos donââ¬â¢t like to lost or commit in error from others. Indeed was no simple to get them be a piece of the ability appear, yet tanks of god, they believe in myself and after of clarify them that where nothing to lost, and a great deal to win. After of be certain that the adolescent will take an interest in it, I have to get the reason from the prison executive and the date that it be. She was concur about it, and she was additionally upbeat about the thought she believed that a what I needed to do. what's more, after I chatted with the chief and have her approval. I expected to discover the date and time, along these lines the end of the week was an incredible time to do it since we didnââ¬â¢t have anything to do in around then. Furthermore practically all the staff were so glad to assist me with it. Some of them likewise were intriguing on entertainer in the show; and I was so glad to said to them yes. At any rate the ability show were acknowledged in an Aprilââ¬â¢s weekend at the huge family room of the C zone; the ability appear there was very rouse for the young people and laborer there and furthermore it was very motivate for me, since its truly did a major effect and a constructive encounter for every one of us. My involvement in ability and expectation in Seattle, Washington I truly donââ¬â¢t know how, Seattle started to be a major piece of my accomplishments and objectives. What's more when the movement programs send me, from Texas to here, I thought I andwas going to the capital of the United States. I never imagnated that Seattle, was my goal, the city of the United States, that completely changed myself in a major scale. Anyway, I was move from a high security migration program to a typical movement program for under 18 outsiders. The program is call. Casa de los amigos that in English is mean; something like, home of the companions, in casa practically all the staff communicate in English, and Spanish, for me it was an extraordinary chance to become familiar with some fundamental English; around then I didnââ¬â¢t communicate in English, and casaââ¬â¢s staff where constantly glad to assist me, with it. Furthermore, consistently I was finding out additional, and more Englishââ¬â¢s words on a couples of days, I realized how to present myself, and some significant Englishââ¬â¢s question. For example, to request food and other sort of things. At any rate casaââ¬â¢s kids were very abilities most them wanted to sing a move others enjoyed better to draw, gymnastic, to play soccer, and recount stories. What's more, in casa I never sorted out an ability appear, yet I was consistently urge them to donââ¬â¢t be humiliating going to move, or sing and so forth a portion of the casa kids where desesperated, and they persuaded fixate on to be in a spot where, they canââ¬â¢t go out and the way that we didnââ¬â¢t have any family close of us. It was extremely hard, we latins are familiarize to consistently be all together, on the grounds that it is our most significant worth, I knowing it. I started to urge them to be tolerance with the staff there, and their cases. I realized that donââ¬â¢t matter how terrible or great do you feel about it, time will be time and is passing, it canââ¬â¢t stop. The fact is the means by which to utilize it and accept wrap about the open doors we have there, we could speak with our family by telephone 2 time seven days. We likewise have a ton Latin food, and perhaps the best thing in casa is that you can go outside 2 times each day. It never will occur in the vast majority of the migration programs in the Unite State. As far as I can tell I can say that; Casa de los Amigos is outstanding amongst other program in The United States for migrants under 18. At the point when one of my companions conversed with me about how, baffle, dismal and urgent he was feel. I simply give my approach to see the circumstance, and show him the huge noteworthy and positive things that we had there. I put them to consider the chance to develop how a young and utilize the time learn Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-4841644819806903862020-08-21T10:25:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:25:15.523-07:00How to Write a Paper About YourselfHow to Write a Paper About YourselfSo, you want to know how to write a paper about yourself. You have been thinking about it for a while and now have the confidence that you will write about your life in your paper. This is a great skill to have when preparing a speech or a presentation to make your audience realize that you have thought of this presentation or speech before.If you are looking for a way to how to write a paper about myself, you will need to figure out exactly what I am trying to say. In my case, I want to convey to the audience the meaning behind my essay. This can be very important when preparing to give a speech to a group of people. It is like if you are trying to get a group of people to be receptive towards a speech.What we have mentioned to prepare a speech is to prepare to be knowledgeable in the topic of the speech. But, with the rise of college students and their advanced level of knowledge, this becomes more difficult. That is why they look for a way to how to write a paper about myself. When this is done, the students are ready to go to a campus that will help them find a career or degree. This is a good way to make them happy.In order to how to write a paper about myself, you have to find an essay that is made from information. This can be a student who has just graduated and is going to attend college soon. If you are looking for a way to how to write a paper about myself, this can be a great way to make your point about the graduation or the new student's first year.You can also use this as a starting point to make your essay more interesting. For example, you can include details about your life. Tell about your careeror you could give your best business advice. If you want to know how to write a paper about myself, you will want to find a source for this kind of essay. The best sources will give you the writing style that you are looking for.The information on college students is a very big issue. They are a lot more open in shar ing their opinion with other students. With the advancement of technology, they are also getting jobs and other opportunities that other kids are not getting. They have an edge because of their experiences and it is this that makes them successful.In order to write this kind of essay, you will have to think about what kind of words would work best for your topic. They should be short and concise and give an insight on what your opinions are on a topic. The way to how to write a paper about myself does not only start when writing about yourself but with the paper you need to take a step back and take a look at how you can improve your life.Lastly, you need to know that there are various ways to write a paper about myself. This will depend on your situation. You should be able to determine the right path for you based on your current knowledge. There are ways to write a paper about myself but you will need to figure out what you want to write about. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-41823043484127176512020-06-11T13:25:00.001-07:002020-06-11T13:25:03.116-07:00Factors Contributing to French and American Defeats - 550 WordsFactors Contributing to French and American Defeats (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessors NameCourse NameDateFactors Contributing to French and American Defeats in the 1st and 2nd Indochina WarsThe end of World War II was a relief to some countries since it marked the end of a large-scale armed conflict. However, it also culminated in the onset of armed resistance against colonial powers such as France in the colonized territories under their control. The 1st Indochina War was one such display, and it resulted in the withdrawal of French forces from Vietnam. American interest in the region instigated the 2nd Indochina War, which ended with similar results as the US eventually withdrew from Vietnam as well. In both conflicts, Vietnamese casualties far outnumbered those of French and American forces but the locals still prevailed and eventually won each war. Although these two Western powers had different reasons for being in the region, their withdrawals lead to questions about the military and political similarities that resulted in their de feats by the Vietnamese.The French presence in Indochina dates back to their colonization of the region in the 1850s, although they later lost the area to Japanese forces during World War II (Buckley 2). In 1945, the region was surrendered back to French forces instead of granting independence to Vietnam and in turn, the Viet-Minh declared their will to fight for freedom under Ho Chi Minhs leadership (Buckley 3). Local support in favor of Vietnamese independence meant that the peasant population positively supported the Viet-Minh in the 1st Indochina War (Buckley 3). The peasant population was primarily located in the countryside and, therefore, the environment favored the Viet Minhs guerrilla tactics as opposed to the direct strategies employed by French forces (Buckley 4). These conflicts culminated in a final French defeat at their stronghold in Dien Bien Phu in 1954. After this defeat, they cut their losses and withdrew from North Vietnam with their total fatalities numbering ov er 50,000 by then (Buckley 5).Shortly after the French withdrew, Vietnam was split along the 17th Parallel with a communist-backed north and a Western-backed south (Bui 1). American support of the corrupt South Vietnamese government meant that the countrys peasant majority had negative views of the US even before it became actively involved in the war (Bartholomees 14). The Viet Cong utilized guerilla tactics during the 2nd Indochina War and the massive casualties it incurred, along with the civilian toll in North and South Vietnam, led to increased local support and volunteerism (Bui 6). On the other hand, the US government deliberately misinformed its citizens about its progress in Vietnam and public support for the war reduced dramatically when this came to light (Morales 210). The Tet Offensive was quickly quelled by US forces but further reduced public support for the war after the American public saw the price the Vietnamese were willing to pay to win the war (Morales 212). Th erefore, the US withdrew from Vietnam due to increased political pressure on the home front, not its inability to win battles.In the 1st and 2nd Indochina wars, Vietnamese forces faced superior military powers and prevailed. Their guerilla tactics utilized... Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-18841979610047181632020-05-26T01:18:00.001-07:002020-05-26T01:18:05.675-07:00Witches And The Witch Trials - 1887 Words In Europe from the late fifteenth to early seventeenth centuries many people, both men and women, were persecuted as witches. The reasons for the persecution of individuals as witches included gender discrimination, religious fanaticism, an explanation for the otherwise unexplainable events that took place, and even as a way for secular officials to gain more wealth. Misogyny being a cause to the witch trials may have resulted from the new roles of women in society conflicting with the traditional views of women as sinful, and also accounts for why the majority of individuals persecuted were women. A religious spark was ignited during the Protestant Reformation as people became more religiously devoted and wanted to eliminate threats to their faith, such as witches. Many strange occurrences such as disease or even non-harmful events that were simply unexplainable led people to believe witches as the causes. Some people may have not even believed another person to be a witch but may h ave just wanted wealth and that personââ¬â¢s possessions and declared them a witch for that reason. All these factors contributed to the period now known as the witch craze, which resulted in the torture and death of many people. One of the main factors in the persecution of witches comes from the men of the timeââ¬â¢s misogynistic attitudes. During this time, women were beginning to take more prominent roles in society, like the notable humanist Christine de Pizan or ââ¬Å"The First Lady of the Renaissance,â⬠Show MoreRelatedWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1272 Words à |à 6 PagesHistorians called this period the dark time when men and women hunted for witches known as the Salem Witch trials. European descents brought them the belief in witches and the devil. These beliefs that they believed in so much were from the teaching of the catholic church. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being believed they were witches and followers of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mainly all of the accused victims were womenRead MoreWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1309 Words à |à 6 Pageswhat when men and women hunted for witches known as the Salem Witch trials. This time will be forever remembered for the people in the town and the victims and family members of the horrifying time. European descents brought with many of them was the belief in witches and the devil. These beliefs that they believed in so much were from the teaching of the catholic church. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being believed they were witches and followers of Satan. Most of theseRead MoreWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1676 Words à |à 7 PagesMary Walcott, and Mary Warren are very important people in the Salem Witch Trials. There are conflicting opinions on whether or not witches exist. However, when taking a more in-depth look at the trials, it is very evident that witches in 17th century Salem did not exist; children were accusing people out of boredom, parents were using this as a type of revenge, and the witch tests were unjust. The 17th century Salem witch trials all started when 9-year-old Betty Parris and 11-year-old Abigail WilliamsRead MoreThe Witches Of Salem Witch Trials1371 Words à |à 6 PagesTammen Salem Witchcraft Trial Theories In the 1690s ââ¬Å"The ââ¬Å"afflictedâ⬠girls [whom] made the accusations were some of the most powerless members of their societyâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Part II: The Witches of Salemâ⬠). Salem Witch Trials quickly became famous and researchers began exploring the multiple possibilities behind the trials. Although many theories were considered, none could explain why so many were accused and hanged. Notably, ergot poisoning was a highly considered theory for the Salem trials. Farming conditionsRead MoreThe Witches Of Salem Witch Trials1760 Words à |à 8 Pagesand is known for the atrocity that rattled the land. This atrocity, or The Salem Witch Trials, began around 1692, several years after the Puritans settled in Salem. During the Trials, an absurd amount of women, men, and even dogs were accused of being possessed by the Devil, thus making them perform witchcraft or wizardry on both townspeople and the townspeopleââ¬â¢s valuables. Many women were found guilty of being witches and were executed by either hanging, stoning, or being burned at the stake. TheRead MoreThe Witches : Salem Witch Trials Of 16922179 Words à |à 9 Pagesrole did Tituba s confession to be a witch start the mass hunt for the witches in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692? This investigation will include details on the events that occurred after Titubaââ¬â¢s confession in Salem during 1962 and 1963. I t will also include a brief description of society at the time and what societal pressures may have led to this horrific time. The first source that will be evaluated in depth is Stacy Schiffââ¬â¢s book ââ¬Å"The Witches: Salem, 1692â⬠, published in October 2015Read MoreThe Witches : Suspicions, Betrayals And Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials Essay1169 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction Stacy Schiffââ¬â¢s national bestseller The Witches highlights the suspicions, betrayals and hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials. In 1692, the commonwealth of Massachusetts executed five men, fourteen women, and two dogs for witchcraft. One might wonder how and why this Puritan colony became so caught up in this witch frenzy. In this book she is able to paint a clear picture of the panic that occurred among the people of Salem. ââ¬Å"In three hundred years, we have not adequately penetratedRead MoreWitches, Sorcerers, And Shamans1650 Words à |à 7 PagesWitches, sorcerers, and shamans are all different terms used to describe persons associated with other worldly powers. Cautionary tales have been written about them as far back as the Old Testament and in Homerââ¬â¢s Odyssey. While almost every human culture has possessed the theory of a witch, the most well-known witch trials are the ones from the late 15th century to the late 17th century in Europe. Many aspects of European life, such as art and politics, were splitting away from the Church. EvenRead MoreThe Hunt For Witches By William Golding1513 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Hunt for Witches In 1692, Puritans practiced purity, worked hard and believed that God was the center of everything. The children were to be obedient to their parents and follow the ways of ââ¬Å"purenessâ⬠outlined before them. They were to serve God and not participate in any form of witchcraft. The Puritans believed that anything that happened was either an act of God or the devil. However, the children loved the stories told by Tituba, a Barbadian slave, belonging to Reverend Parris and dancingRead MoreThe Malleus Maleficarum, By Dominican Inquisitors Heinrich And Jacob Sprenger1671 Words à |à 7 PagesSprenger, was used by Catholics and Protestants as a bank of knowledge on how to locate and prosecute witches. Though the text was published in 1487, it was still used as the premier text on witches well into the 18th century. The text is incredibly thorough, covering the topics of witch identification, explanations of how witches make their pacts with the devil, and how to effectively con duct a trial. This text was written to be read by upper class members of the clergy and secular governments. The Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-57582577266415212092020-05-17T16:09:00.001-07:002020-05-17T16:09:10.282-07:00The Career Of Animation Animation - 1495 Words The Career of Animation Animation; an art form with the ability to tell a story and convey a multitude of emotions along with information. Animation can be found almost everywhere in media from commercials, to movies, to games. Every single animation need an animator or a team of animators to create it. There are many kinds of animation: 2D, 3D, motion graphics, visual effects. Each of these categories may have multiple people working on them using their own special skills to produce the final product. The reason for researching this occupation is because of my fascination and respect for the craft. I admire the art of storytelling immensely and the creativity that goes into it. Iââ¬â¢ve collected information from college websites,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Animators, no matter what type, must play many roles and are tasked with responsibility because a team could be counting on them. Skills and Qualities The skills an animator possesses are integral to the work they do. Without their skills, they are out of a job. For 3D animators, they must learn the modeling software used by the company who is hiring them. Using the correct software is key because in a team must be able to easily transition a project from person to person without hassle. Some of the most common software used in the 3D industry are Autodesk Maya, Cinema 4D, Houdini, Photoshop, and After Effects (ââ¬Å"3D Animation Careers: Job Description Salary Informationâ⬠). Keeping up to date with new technology is vital. Other skills also attractive to an employer, involve proficiency in Adobe products, being able to code, drawing skills, and communication skills (Flavin). Having a base knowledge of many software is a safe bet in the industry. According to Andrew Gordon, directing animator at Pixar, an animator should first work on traditional art because it helps with compositing and creating visually appealing shots. Furthering themselves into their profession so they stand out. Secondly, he recommended working in depth in a single area of the field and excelling at that aspect. In 3D animation studios like Pixar, these aspects could be modeling characters, modeling environments, simulations,Show MoreRelatedDigital Artists And Animation And Visual Effects For Television, Movies, Video Games, And Other Forms Of1443 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"Multimedia artists and animators create animation and visual effects for television, movies, video games, and other forms of mediaâ⬠(BLS). When looking at the different careers one could pursue, one should weigh the options before, or near the beginning oneââ¬â¢s education, so one doesn t have to redo the entire thing. There are many types of animators, some work in 2D, whic h is mostly drawing; other animators work in 3D, which is using a computer. Animation is a good career choice if one has an understandingRead MoreRecognizing the Advancements in Animation615 Words à |à 3 PagesGCCââ¬â¢s animation department consists of about nine classes each term, which are taught by experienced animators. Technology keeps advancing, and 3D is being widely used in the film industry. Yina Chang is one of the talented professors in the animation department. She teaches Art 233 (Character set-up) and Art 235 (character animation). In her class, before they animate on the computer, they sketch it out on a story board to get their ideas flowing. Then, they begin their animation process. Read MoreA Brief Note On The Film Dashing Into Animation 1201 Words à |à 5 PagesDashing into Animation Ever since I was ten, I have always been fascinated by cartoon characters that dash off into the speed of light and face an enemy that has become consumed with power, and threatens to ruin everyoneââ¬â¢s happily ever after. Without animation, there would be no fairytales, romance, or happily ever afterââ¬â¢s. The magic that animation brings to all ages is outstanding. The Lion King is filled with laughter, romance, and excitement. I want to be a part of that excitement and magic thatRead MoreThe Light Of My Creative Expedition Essay1393 Words à |à 6 PagesFull Sail University, the remarkable tolerant journey for animation has begun and it is a matter of exploiting perseverance to pursue my overall achievements. In the light of my creative expedition, there is someone that encourages me to strive to do my best in all that I encounter upon. Notably, that person is known as the famous John Lasseter. As most animators may know, John Lasseter sprang upon several problems througho ut his animation career, but in response, he discovered excellent methods to overcomeRead MoreThe Art of Digital Animation974 Words à |à 4 PagesNorman McLaren said, ââ¬Å"Animation is not the art of drawings that move but the art of movements that are drawn.â⬠To be a digital animator, independence and social skills are needed. Strong design skills and computer savvy will be key. (Clark 185) To be successful or to even get a job the animator needs a proper foundation. Having social skills, years of experience, and even a degree (not often) are needed to do so. The long hours can be fun or enjoyable in the beginning seeing as the animator is doingRead More Technology: The Evolution of Animation Essay584 Words à |à 3 PagesMissing Figures Technology: The Evolution of Animation In a world where technology is rapidly developing and evolving, it is sometimes hard to keep up with the changes that are made. When looking back on changes that are made it is particularly interesting to look at the development of animation over history. Today when one thinks about animation it is impossible not to think of Disney and their major motion pictures. The Shreck films, Finding Nemo, and Happy Feet, to name just some of theRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper1432 Words à |à 6 PagesCareer and College Research Paper Our world gets more digital every day. Nearly everyone has a smartphone and a computer. Even more people have a TV and if people do they are in contact with the digital world everyday. Multimedia Artists and Animators (MMA) have a big impact on this because they create the illusion of a realistic image in every digital and sometimes non-digital media project they publish. MMAs design 2 and 3 dimensional models, animation and visual effects. These appear in TV, moviesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Tale Of The White Serpent 1358 Words à |à 6 Pagesart style aesthetics, smooth animation and storytelling. His work in Studio Ghibli had played a major part in my desire to work in animation and to create artistic and compelling stories. But itââ¬â¢s not just me he has influenced and inspired, and itââ¬â¢s in this essay that I will discuss how this illustrious individual has influenced and placed his mark in the animation world. Miyazaki had always had an interest in drawing in his youth. Though his fascination with animation had started during his highRead MoreAnimation : The Millennium Age Of Animation793 Words à |à 4 PagesThe History of Animation Animation has been around since the beginning of times. Animation is not just something of the cinema, which animation dominates today. Animation is creating and capturing an illusion of what looks like an object moving when shown in order. So how long has animation really been around? It has been around since the beginning of mankind and continues to thrive in todayââ¬â¢s era of animation, The Millennium Age of Animation. People have been depicted animation since mankind cameRead MoreHayao Miyazaki: Auteur Essay1138 Words à |à 5 Pagesstyle and give a filmà its personal and unique stamp. Hayao Miyazaki is one such auteur whose entertaining plots, compelling characters and breathtaking animation in his films have earned him international renown from critics as well as public recognition within Japan. Miyazaki is probably one of the most influential directors of Japanese animation - or anime - of all time, with his distinctive drawing style and strong story-telling prevailing in all of his works to date, hailing him as an auteur Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-13023987174112476422020-05-15T07:54:00.001-07:002020-05-15T07:54:06.308-07:00Biology Prefixes and Suffixes -ectomy, -ostomy The suffix (-ectomy) means to remove or excise, as typically done in a surgical procedure. Related suffixes include (-otomy) and (-ostomy). The suffixà (-otomy) refers to cutting or making an incision, while (-ostomy) refers to a surgical creation of an opening in an organ for the removal of waste. Words Ending With: (-ectomy) Appendectomy (append-ectomy) - surgical removal of the appendix, typically due to appendicitis. The appendix is a small, tubular organ that extends from the large intestine. Atherectomy (Ather-ectomy) - surgical procedure performed with a catheter and cutting device to excise plaque from within blood vessels. Cardiectomy (cardi-ectomy) - surgical removal of the heart or the excision of the portion of the stomach known as the cardiac section. The cardiac section is a part of the esophagus that is connected to the stomach. Cholecystectomy (chole-cyst-ectomy) - surgical procedure performed to remove the gallbladder. This is a common treatment for gall stones. Cystectomy (cyst-ectomy) - surgical removal of a portion of the urinary bladder commonly performed to treat bladder cancer. It also refers to the removal of a cyst. Dactylectomy (dactyl-ectomy) - amputation of a finger. Embolectomy (embol-ectomy) - surgical removal of an embolus, or blood clot, from a blood vessel. Gonadectomy (gonad-ectomy) - surgical removal of male or female gonads (ovaries or testes). Iridectomy (irid-ectomy) - surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye. This procedure is performed to treat glaucoma. Isthmectomy (isthm-ectomy) - removal of the portion of the thyroid known as the isthmus. This narrow strip of tissue connects the two lobes of the thyroid. Lobectomy (lob-ectomy) - surgical removal of a lobe of a particular gland or organ, such as the brain, liver, thyroid, or lungs. Mastectomy (mast-ectomy) - medical procedure to remove the breast, typically done as a treatment against breast cancer. Neurectomy (neur-ectomy) - surgical procedure performed to remove all or part of a nerve. Pneumonectomy (pneumon-ectomy) - surgical removal of all or part of a lung. The removal of one lobe of a lung is called a lobectomy. A pneumonectomy is performed to treat lung disease, lung cancer, and trauma. Splenectomy (splen-ectomy ) - surgical removal of the spleen. Tonsillectomy (tonsill-ectomy ) - surgical removal of the tonsils, typically due to tonsillitis. Topectomy (top-ectomy) - surgery performed to remove part of the cerebral cortex of the brain for the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders and some types of epilepsy. Vasectomy (vas-ectomy) - surgical removal of all or a portion of the vas deferens for male sterilization. The vas deferens is the duct that carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra. Words Ending With: (-ostomy) Angiostomy (angio-stomy) - surgical opening created in a blood vessel commonly for the placement of a catheter. Cholecystostomy (chole-cyst-ostomy) - surgical creation of a stoma (opening) in the gallbladder for the placement of a drainage tube. Colostomy (col-ostomy) - medical procedure to connect a portion of the colon to a surgically created opening in the abdomen. This allows the removal of waste from the body. Gastrostomy (gastr-ostomy) - surgical opening in the stomach created for the purpose of tube feeding. Ileostomy (ile-ostomy) - creation of an opening from the abdominal wall to the ileum of the small intestine. This opening allows for the release of stool from the intestines. Nephrostomy (nephr-ostomy) - surgical incision made in the kidneys for the insertion of tubes to drain urine. Pericardiostomy (peri-cardi-ostomy) - surgically created opening in the pericardium, or protective sac that surrounds the heart. This procedure is performed to drain excess fluid around the heart. Salpingostomy (salping-ostomy) - surgical creation of an opening in a fallopian tube for the treatment of blockage due to infection, chronic inflammation, or ectopic pregnancy. Tracheostomy (trache-ostomy) - surgical opening created in the trachea (windpipe) for the insertion of a tube to allow air to pass to the lungs. Tympanostomy (tympan-ostomy) - surgical creation of an opening in the ear drum to release fluid and relieve pressure. Small tubes called tympanostomy tubes are surgically placed in the middle ear to facilitate fluid drainage and equalize pressure. This procedure is also known as a myringotomy. Urostomy (ur-ostomy) - surgically created opening in the abdominal wall for the purpose of urinary diversion or drainage. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-43961128757169522522020-05-06T19:31:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:31:18.712-07:00The Failure Of The American Dream - 1092 Words The Unavoidable Failure of the American Dream When times are hard many resort to dreaming about their perfect image of what life can be. Their dream will be unattainable because life is never perfect. The American Dream is an idea many thought about during the Great Depression because times were harder for the average working American. The Great Depression occurred during the 1930s when the economy collapsed and eventually one out of four people became unemployed. The Dust Bowl added to the stress of the Great Depression because there was an extreme drought with many dust storms. Lennie Smalls and George Milton are traveling from Weed, California to a ranch in hopes of finding work. Lennie and George have an American Dream to own theirâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Having something that is owned by the person also represents the hard work needed to achieve their dream. Many people have a dream of a great achievement the future can hold. Many character have their own version of the Am erican Dream. Their dreams influence them differently. Lennie and George have the dream of owning a ranch. George tells Lennie a story about owning a ranch with no one to tell them what to do. George tells Lennie this when he gets upset to calm him down. The idea of owning a ranch calms Lennie down because he enjoys thinking of all the colorful rabbits they could own. Having something soft to pet is Lennie safe place that he can go to when he feels stressed. George likes the idea of owning a ranch: ââ¬Å"Maybe weââ¬â¢d have a cow or a goat, and the cream is so God damn thick you got to cut it with a knife and take it out with a spoonâ⬠(57). Having an abundance of everything like livestock, crops, and land with so many nutrients so everything will flourish is Georgeââ¬â¢s dream. George stats to think the dream of owning their own ranch could come true because he is used to telling Lennie about the ranch. Crooks has a dream of being free and not judged on his race. Crooks feels lonely because he has no one to talk to, this gives him free time. In Crooks free time he can read ââ¬Å"a tattered dictionary and a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905â⬠(67). By reading the dictionary and the civil code Crooks is educating himself on the rights he has. Crooks wantsShow MoreRelatedAmerican Dream Failure Essay1092 Words à |à 5 Pages The Failure of the American Dream The American Dream; a reality chased by Americans for centuries, based on the ideas of liberty, happiness and equal right to success for all. But, for F. Scott Fitzgerald the American Dream was a materialistic world of permanent riches and fortune. This distorted perception of the American Dream, shared by many others, resulted in the failure of the real American Dream, a reality where one can live comfortably and safely. Instead, the American Dream became thisRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream : The Great Gatsby1758 Words à |à 8 PagesFailure of the American Dream: The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most representative literary figures of the Jazz Age and 1920ââ¬â¢s. He is the author of The Great Gatsby which he wrote based on his love for a girl named Zelda Sayre, who would not marry him until he could prove his success of the American Dream through his wealth which he did not yet have. From this, he wrote The Great Gatsby, a story about a man named Gatsby who tries to regain Daisyââ¬â¢s love through wealth and a materialisticRead MoreThe Great Gatsby EssayÃâ"Failure of the American Dream1258 Words à |à 6 PagesThe novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, an idealistic and illusionary goal to achieve wealth and status. The ruthless pursuit of wealth leads to the corruption of human nature and moral values. Fitzgerald uses characters in the novel to show the corruptions and the illusionary nature of the American Dream. The superficial achievement of the American Dreams give no fulfillment, no real joy and peace; but instead, creates lots of problems for the charactersRead MoreThe Great Gatsby EssayÃâââ¬âFailure of the American Dream1269 Words à |à 6 PagesThe novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, an idealistic and illusionary goal to achieve wealth and status. The ruthless pursuit of wealth leads to the corruption of human nature and moral values. Fitzgerald uses characters in the novel to show the corruptions and the illusionary nature of the American Dream. The superficial achievement of the American Dreams give no fulfillment, no real joy and peace; but instead, creates lots of problems for the charactersRead MoreEssay on The Failure of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman1480 Words à |à 6 Pagesas a land of opportunity. Out of that thinking comes the American Dream, the idea that anyone can ultimately achieve success, even if he or she began with nothing.à In The Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller uses the chara cterization of Willy Loman to represent the failure of his ideal of the American Dream.à Willyââ¬â¢s quest for the American Dream leads to his failure because throughout his life he pursues the illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. His mindset on perfection, obsessionRead MoreThe Failure Of Jay Gatsby s American Dream911 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Failure of Jay Gatsbyââ¬Ës American Dream During the 1920ââ¬Ës, people believed in the idea of the American Dream. It was a dream that everyone was trying to accomplish. It was a dream of a wonderful life. Gatsby was one of the main characters who was parsuing that wonderful life. The one and only thing that was tearing him apart from inside, was not having a girl who once was his girlfriend, Daisy. F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author of The Great Gatsby highlights the meaning of the green color as aRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men829 Words à |à 4 Pagescould fit in a backpack. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck uses Curleyââ¬â¢s wife, Crook, and Candy, to contribute to prove the failure of the American Dream. To begin, Steinbeck uses Curleyââ¬â¢s wife to prove the failure of the American Dream. Curlyââ¬â¢s wifeââ¬â¢s name is not revealed throughout the story because she is viewed as Curlyââ¬â¢s property. Curleys wifeââ¬â¢s dream is to become a famous actor and has been since she was young. Curleyââ¬â¢s wife explains, ââ¬Å"Well, a show come through anââ¬â¢ I met one of theRead More Failure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman932 Words à |à 4 PagesFailure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is a story about the dark side of the American Dream.à Willy Lomans obsession with the dream directly causes his failure in life, which, in turn, leads to his eventual suicide.à The pursuit of the dream also destroys the lives of Willys family, as well.à Through the Lomans, Arthur Miller attempts to create a typical American family of the time, and, in doing so, the reader can relateRead More Failure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman907 Words à |à 4 PagesFailure of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman à In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller forces the reader to deal with the failure of the American Dream(Field 2367) and the effect it had on the Loman family, how it ruins the life of Willy, and destroys Biffââ¬â¢s life as well.à By focusing on serious problems that the reader can relate to, Arthur Miller connects us with the characters facing these life-altering crisis.à à à à à à à à à à à à To Willy Loman success is defined asRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words à |à 4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920ââ¬â¢s early settlerââ¬â¢s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that ââ¬Å"All men are equalâ⬠. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that gives Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-30819686513707844072020-05-06T16:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:19:35.897-07:00Themes in A Midsummers Nightdream - 1023 Words In the play A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream by Shakespeare, the theme of love is developed through out the playââ¬â¢s characters falling in love and setting. The play takes place in the Green World, itââ¬â¢s a chaotic environment, and the characters in the play happen to be there. Shakespeare develops the theme of love in his play in order to reveal deeper meaning about real life, that one has no control over who they fall in love with. In the play the characters Demetrius, Lysander, and Queen Titania are put under a love potion and donââ¬â¢t have control over who they fall in love with. One can argue that one does have control who they love because they are not under a love potion, however the characters are in the Green World and have no controlâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Itââ¬â¢s like saying you know when you hate someone but then something happens and you like that person, itââ¬â¢s exactly what happen with Demetrius. A greater force from the Green World interfe red and changed that and made him fall in love with Helena. Demetrius however is unable to go back to himself and love Hermia, he is under that love potion forever. People can say that a greater force canââ¬â¢t control who we fall in love only ourselves can, but sometimes we might not be able to control the greater force that interferes. In real life, some settings can change us, like the Green World changed Demetrius to fall in love with Helena, therefore controlling who we fall in love with is not possible. Shakespeare well evolves the theme of love, not being able to control who we fall in love with, though out his characters in the play A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream. The characters Lysander, Titania, and Demetrius, fall in love while under a love potion, it canââ¬â¢t be control, and they are not even aware of it. This theme, reveals the deeper meaning in life that one isnââ¬â¢t aware of the greater force and that no one can control who they fall in love Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-38991275568406814632020-05-06T01:28:00.001-07:002020-05-06T01:28:15.979-07:00Ode To Nightingale By Keats Essay Example For Students Ode To Nightingale By Keats Essay In Ode to a Nightingale, John Keats, the author and narrator, used descriptterminology to express the deep-rooted pain he was suffering during his battlewith tuberculosis. This poem has eight paragraphs or verses of ten lines eachand doesnt follow any specific rhyme scheme. In the first paragraph, Keatsgave away the mood of the whole poem with his metaphors for his emotional andphysical sufferings, for example: My heart aches, and drowsy numbness pains Mysense (1-2) Keats then went on to explain to the reader that he was speaking tothe light-winged Dryad in the poem. This bird symbolizes a Nightingalethat to many, depicts the happiness and vibrance of life with the way it seemsto gracefully hover over brightly colored flowers to get nectar but, to Keatsdeath, because his was becoming. Shadows numberless at the end of theparagraph signifies the angel of death and spirits that had surrounded Keats. Keats vividly and beautifully described wine: for a beaker full of the warmSouth With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple stained mouth; ThatI might drink, and leave the he used to bury his fears and emotions about death. In verse three, Keats expressed that most people enjoy a full life and die old,when he pens: Here, men sit and hear each other groan; last gray hairs, Whereyouth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies (24-26) He felt that youth was atime in ones life to enjoy. According to him, being rich, popular, beautiful,funny and smart didnt matter because the angel of death was blind. Keats wasafraid of death because of the loved ones he had to leave behind. Heexpresses that with the phrase: And with thee fade away into the forest dim (20)Keats explained that he had wanted to wander off into the forest so no onewouldve had to be bothered by him. In paragraph four, Keats had spoken to theNightingale and told it to go off and leave him alone because he already hadknown that death was coming and didnt want to be reminded of his sad fate. Keats went on to say: I cannot see what flowers are at my feet, Nor what softincense hangs upon the boughs, But, in embalmed darkness (41-43) This meanthe didnt know what was about to happen, only that he was going to die. Hethen illustrated all the creatures and things that would live long past him; Thegrass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild (45) In paragraph six, Keats hadlistened to the Darkling or Nightingale singing and this had reminded himof how at one time in his life he questioned death and was even infatuated by itbecause death was an unknown universe when he composed: for many a time Ihave been half in love with easeful Death, Calld him soft names (51-53)But quickly after he had recalled that memory he stated: Still wouldst thousing, and I have ears in vain- To thy high requiem become a sod. (59-60) Here hewas saying how the Darkling sounded beautiful when it sang but that wasjust a mask for the fate that it was taking him to; death. Thou was not born fordeath, immorta l Bird! (61) The immortal Nightingale wasnt put on this earthto bring people to their deaths, according to Keats. Over generations, the birdhas warned emperors and clowns that death can not be cheated. the fancycannot cheat so well As she is famd to do (73-74) Here he had stated thatthe rich could not buy their way out of death because that was all theNightingale had come to do. The song of the Nightingale had faded and Keatscomposed, thy plaintive anthem fades and now ?tis buried deep (75 77) and he didnt know if it was real or if he had dreamed the wholething. Keats wasnt sure if he was still alive or had died. ?Do I wake orsleep? (80) Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-81792440200318998522020-05-05T19:05:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:05:20.238-07:00Principles of Marketing Nike Inc free essay sample Principles of MarketingNike, Inc11/25/2010| Prepared by: * Menino Pereira * Karthik Gowda * Shreyans Sethi Prepared by: * Menino Pereira * Karthik Gowda * Shreyans Sethi * Nikeââ¬â¢s mission statement is all about combining the love for sports with a mutinous and headstrong nature to think out of the box by means of innovation and inspiration (Katz 1994) * Nikeââ¬â¢s mission statement is all about combining the love for sports with a mutinous and headstrong nature to think out of the box by means of innovation and inspiration (Katz 1994) Principles of Marketing Principles of Marketing TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION3 The Story So Far3 MARKETING ORIENTATION3 Types of Orientation4 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE7 Porterââ¬â¢s five forces7 Porterââ¬â¢s Generic Strategies9 The MARKETING MIX11 Product11 The Ansoff Matrix13 BCG Matrix14 Product Life Cycle16 Price19 Nikeââ¬â¢s pricing Strategies20 Price versus Promotion Matrix21 Price versus Quality Matrix22 Place (Distribution)23 Nike -Direct Marketing24 Nike Indirect Marketing (Wholesalers Retailers)25 Value added services ââ¬â Intermediaries25 Distribution strategies25 Promotion26 Nikeââ¬â¢s promotional strategies27 Communication Model28 SWOT ANALYSIS OF NIKE INCORPORATED30 Strengths:30 Strong Brand Image30 Supplier Diversity30 High Growth31 Weakness:31 Recent Setbacks31 Child Labour and Sweat Shops31 Opportunities:31 New Product Launches31 Growth of e-Retail Industry32 Threats:32 Increase in Counterfeit Products32 Increase in Wage Rates32 Intense Competition32 UNDERSTANDING AND SUSTAINING COMPETITION33 REFERENCES34 INTRODUCTION Blessed from the mighty heavens by the Greek Goddess of Strength, Power and Victory read Nike; the brand has always captured oneââ¬â¢s imagination and strengthened its position among the upper echelons of marketing icons. Nikeââ¬â¢s marketing strategy draws your attention by interrupting you, attracting you, ensnaring you and finally and most importantly satisfying you. In a recent conference, Paul Knight , the charismatic founder and ex- CEO of Nike chose a divergent outlook to most other speakers on the subject of choosing Nike over competition. He asked people who run to rise from the comfort of their seats. He then asked those who run three or more times a week to keep standing. He looked on and `exquisitely announced ââ¬âWe are for you. ââ¬Å"When you get up at 5 oââ¬â¢clock in the morning to go for a run, even if itââ¬â¢s cold and wet out, you go. And when you get to mile 4, weââ¬â¢re the one standing under the lamp post, out there in the cold and wet with you, cheering you on. Weââ¬â¢re the inner athlete. Weââ¬â¢re the inner champion. â⬠ââ¬Å"Just Do It is more than a tag line, itââ¬â¢s a motto. Itââ¬â¢s a cheer. Itââ¬â¢s a rallying cryâ⬠(Sinek 2010). A sublime demonstration which augments market segmentation, fortifies positioning, empowers brand building, and exemplifies relationship management in a snapshot, slowly and yet subtly hitting the sweet spot. The Story So Far More than 25 years ago, Co-founder Bill Bowerman used a waffle iron to conjure up a new sole for a pair of running shoes. Nike hasnââ¬â¢t looked back since. Innovation has been the mainspring for a company exalting in its enduring success. With insufficient funds to indulge in advertising, Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman took to the streets, selling shoes at local athletic meets from the backs of their trucks. The word-of-foot gripped the sporting fraternity and marked the beginning of Nikeââ¬â¢s success on track. Then came the late 80ââ¬â¢s and with it the pain of losing out on sales to Reebok who introduced training shoes, tailor made for a growing breed ââ¬â health conscious women. In a bid to regain market share, Nike played to their strength and countered punched with new models of shoes designed for various sports as per customer requirements. This was the phase when Knight and Bowman realized the importance of aggressive marketing coupled with product innovation and began to invest a princely part of corporate revenues towards marketing and advertising. By the early 90ââ¬â¢s, Nike was ranked as one of the best advertisers in the world, soulfully striking oneââ¬â¢s emotional chords rather than the rationale ones (McDonough and Braungart 2002). MARKETING ORIENTATION In the earlier days, Nike was known to be a product oriented organization. The motto was to just plainly and simply just sell shoes . Gradually that changed as a function of time with the focus shifting to a more customer oriented approach. Prime importance was given to the consumer by endlessly striving to develop new and high quality products catering to their specific needs whilst endearing them with the feel good factor(Armstrong ,Harker ,Kotler and Brennan 2009:41) Question is can an organisation only survive and continue to grow in the market by just being customer oriented? Well it is imperative to be customer oriented because if any organisation fails to value the importance of the customers and wants to trade on its own terms then in this competitive world, such an organisation will cease to exist. The only exception to this is that when an organisation works in a monopoly market which does not exist these days. Organisations have the onus of keeping the stakeholders happy. Stakeholders are those groups without whose support the organization would be a meltdown. They generally comprise of investors, creditors, suppliers, community and consumers. Barring the consumers, the other stakeholders will only be happy when they get suitable return on their investments, job and growth opportunities etc. In this context, itââ¬â¢s worth mentioning MBO i. e. Management by objective which simply refers to motivate and channelize oneââ¬â¢s efforts by suitably awarding or remunerating them and getting the best out them. The individuals think at the end of the day that they have achieved their objective. But it is paramount to keeping them motivated as they would head towards attaining the organisations targets and objectives. So, as a whole Nike is customer as well as sales oriented because only such organisations that are bi-oriented make it to the top and sustain rather than the ones who fail to recognise the importance of the blend. Types of Orientation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adapted from Principles of Marketing (David Jobber) Product Oriented Product oriented organisations are those which centre its activities on continually improving and refining itââ¬â¢s products or services so that customers get the best value for the money spent on these products or services. In simple words, in this type of orientation organisations look for ways how to delight their customers. Innovation and quality management is the key to be successful using this marketing strategy. The earlier approach used by some business that whatever is put forward to the customer, he/she will accept it or that there is buyer for everything that a manufacturer produces does not work any longer. Nowadays, organisations have realised the importance of treating their customerââ¬â¢s views seriously and put them into account whenever new products or services are launched . This involves managerial functions of research and development, design, testing, marketing, quality management and various other functions. Nike used to be a product oriented that constantly endeavoured to innovate with products that are comfortable, durable and value for money. In the early days, they would just manufacture shoes and aggressively sell them. But in the late 80ââ¬â¢s, it became apparent that they were missing a trick as Reebok overtook them in sales by catering to market needs. This is when there was a realization that a product oriented approach was inhibiting and a customer focussed outlook was the best way forward. A virtual group was formed within the organization to set about working on ways and means of approaching the market along with the perceptions, culture changes and a different thought process about business(Velsor, McCauley and Rudeman 2010:324) . The rest is history! Market/Customer Orientation A market orientated company is one that organises its activities, products and services around the wants and needs of its customers. Until recently not many organisations were customer oriented. A major swing towards market-orientation has led to intensified market research and product ranges carefully designed to fir customer preferences. In these customers wants and needs are given penultimate preference rather than developing products which are just imposed on the customers. Being market oriented makes the companies less vulnerable to product failures as in the first place the products are developed and introduced at the right time as per the customersââ¬â¢ needs. Organisations treat this with utmost importance and have able people with a foresight hired to handle the customer preoccupied department (Heiens 2000) Nike has gauged this and strived to be highly customer oriented. They have their designers and strategists work around the year to develop products and making sure that they are introduced in the market at the right time . Timing of the launch of product is very important for the product to become a cash cow. They have seen steady rise in profits since the time that they have started treating customerââ¬â¢s views and financial conditions prevailing in the market at any given time with importance. For example, in the times of recession there is no point of launching a luxury shoe in the market. The people are anyways bearing the brunt of a depressed economy and would become very cautious of what they are spending on during such hard times. Instead, it would be wise to introduce a shoe which is not very expensive -something like a ââ¬Ëbudget shoeââ¬â¢. What this will do is that it will help Nike in the long term by keeping the customers loyal to them even during recession times. People will associate with them more as they will see Nike as a company who still looked after the customersââ¬â¢ interests during tough times and will also help Nike build a good image of it in the minds of the people. By employing such strategy it is also possible that Nike may be able to attract customers who were using other brands as Nike is providing better quality shoes at a lesser rate. This can help generate new business even in hard times. Also, Nike was a pioneer in coming up with a product named ââ¬Å"NIKEIDâ⬠. This is a service that helps people to customise a product for themselves. This was a giant step by Nike to provide customers with a personalised experience thereby giving them an impression of well looked after and cared for. This was a masterstroke in terms of generating more business, increasing customer loyalty and probably referrals. Hence as Market/Customer Oriented, Nike should continue to ââ¬â Carry out research as to what customers want and develop products on lines of customer research. The company should also think of new ideas to keep the customers happy and test new products in smaller market before launching them into wider market to ensure what has been developed is in line to what people want. Sales Oriented Such an organisationââ¬â¢s main objective is to maximise the profits at any cost. This kind of orientation is also necessary as the main aim with an organisation is created is to earn profits via sales. It has a liability towards its stakeholders to show that itââ¬â¢s doing well and progressing steadily or at least itââ¬â¢s stable and sustainable in the long run. People get confidence in any organisation when they foresee a reasonable rate of return on their investment or probably the amount of labour they put in taking the organisation ahead. Since, long profit has been an indicator of the health of an organisation, the first thing that people ask is whether an organisation is making profit or loss or at least is it breaking even. Hence, to answer these questions and keep everyone happy and interested in the organisation, companies have to adopt a sales oriented strategy as well. Sales oriented organisation helps itself to grow fast since profits can be earmarked for growth plans in other countries or probably for introduction of new product lines. Nike has got their strategy bang on in the sales orientation area. Their low manufacturing costs and high selling price has helped them scale unprecedented heights. Revenue generation of 19 million and a net income of 1. 9 million in 2010 are sums that speak for themselves. The soaring profits have helped them further invest in diversifying and entering new markets. This has also kept all stakeholders involved content in terms of monetary as well as non-monetary benefits. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage can be defined as a set of exclusive features and offerings of a company that are perceived by markets to be a step ahead of competition (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2010:39). By constantly embarking on innovative time and again, Nike has come to be known as the most successful player in the past and continues to be today. How has Nike become the biggest player of the game? How has it successfully captured almost half of the market in sport sector? Well, they JUST DID IT and are continuing to JUST DO IT! Roots to competitive advantage: It is obvious that it has not been a red carpet journey for Nike. The way Nike whiffs at the opportunities and with the way it approaches challenges makes it unconquerable. Apart from having vital and enthusiastic workforce and entrepreneurial attitude, its wide range of quality products, effective efficient marketing tactics and strong presence in e-retail industry give Nike an extra edge. Price and product differentiation, an impact the swoosh logo has created, greater benefit (utility) to customers are a few reason why company is still at the top. Corporations often seek to achieve both productivity and differential advantages but only a few succeed. Nike features right up top. Porterââ¬â¢s five forces Sustainable competitive advantage is when one companyââ¬â¢s value creating products are impossible to imitate by its competitors. Michael Porterââ¬â¢s model helps to understand the sources of Nikeââ¬â¢s sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals. Adapted from Competitive Advantage (Michael Porter) Threat of new entrance Apart from the usual suspects, competition cannot be underestimated from new contestants in the industry. This affects the business more or less in a negative manner with the newbies eating into the profits of the already established brands. In the case of Nike, new competitors like Under Armour are rapidly move up the ranks and are certainly the ones to be watched out for. Threat of substitute products This threat thrusts the company towards constant innovation and also pushes to produce cost effective products. Nike felt the ill effects of Doc Martens persuasion of making young buyers experience hiking style sneakers in place of traditional shoes. Bargaining power of customers Consumers dont just buy a product for its attributes. They purchase it for the experience, value and the emotional benefit that the product provides. During intense competition, technological lead is not enough and the company must possess strategic marketing and presenting capabilities. It is very important to make the buyer a feel that they have purchased the best available product in the market. Nike is in a position of strength having accumulated a loyal customer base. All they need to ensure is to come up with appealing products at regular intervals of time. Bargaining power of suppliers How much of a bearing does the supplier have on the overall business of the organization? The suppliers call the shots in terms of bargaining power to companies that depend on one of them and are devoid of any alternatives. Conversely, a business can hold the upper foot on the suppliers as is the case with Nike. Nike does not make its own shoes, using private contractors In Vietnam to get the job done. They exercise control by paying low wages to helpless factory workers and threatening to switch factories in case of anomalies (Lussier and Kimball 2009:90). Competitive Rivalry This is described as the jockeying and scrambling for position. Cut throat competition ceases to exist over a combination of factors like quality, price and speed. Nike faces strong competition from Adidas-Reebok, Fila and Puma. Oneââ¬â¢s move is monitored and anticipated diligently by the other. (Lussier and Kimball 2009:90). Porterââ¬â¢s Generic Strategies Nike falls into the differentiation strategy quadrant. Their successful brand management strategies have ensured that their products remain less price sensitive on the backdrop of a loyal customer base. Nikeââ¬â¢s position has made it even harder for emerging competitors to break into the lucrative market. Market Share ââ¬â Key Players Nike has a substantial competitive advantage over its rivals in terms of market share. Its brand image has largely benefitted from its reputation for innovation and quality placing it as number one in the apparel and athletic footwear industries. In terms of e-commerce, Nike is a step ahead of competition with their highly interactive website. They have adopted a merchant model encompassing three pillars of their e-commerce approach: bricks and clicks, pure-play e-retailers and an online store to help them market and promote products. The Internet has helped Nike reduce cost and increase sales. The website has helped them conduct market research and analyse customerââ¬â¢s buyer behaviour. This has helped them spring out exciting promotions and marketing campaigns. Nike has also moved into a strategy of lobal 3 marketing capitalization whist their competitors suffer from a restricted distribution line of attack. Graph of competitive advantage: Altman Z-Score By combining 5 different ratios, Edward Altman came up with a very useful tool called Altman Z-Score which uses statistical techniques to predict a companys fiscal-fitness using the 8 variables from a companys financial statements. Based on this evaluation, we can compa re Nikeââ¬â¢s credit risk with others. Nike| 6. 94| Adidas Group| 2. 5| Reebok| 4. 37| Score (;2. 99) ââ¬â Safe zone Score (between 2. 7 and 2. 9) ââ¬â Grey zone (exercise caution) Score (between 1. 8 and 2. 7) ââ¬â Based on the financial figures only, company in distress zone (going bankrupt within 2 years of operations). Score (;1. 80) ââ¬â Bankruptcy Imminent Nike stands high with the score of 6. 94 The MARKETING MIX Adapted from Exploring Business (Karen Collins) One of the key ingredients of the perfect marketing recipe comes by way of blending in the marketing mix. The key elements of the marketing mix are a set of interrelated entities which are set in unison with one another. (Proctor, 2001: 212). The marketing mix is a combination of the 4 Pââ¬â¢s Product, Price, Place and Promotion for any business venture. We shall evaluate the positive and negative impact of Nikeââ¬â¢s marketing mix in more detail. Product Product is the companyââ¬â¢s offering via goods or services to the customer. A product can be viewed at three different levels: Adapted from Selling and Sales Management (David Jobber) * Core Product It is the main benefit that the product offers to the customer. In the case of footwear, it is meant to protect and comfort the human foot whilst it is on the move * Total Product (adding value) The chief aim is to ensure that customers purchase your brand. Nike has been a dominant player in the footwear market over the years. Their well-crafted design, innovative products, marketing and brand building activities have helped them gain a differential advantage over their rivals. Their packaging and labelling has been state of the art over generations. * Augmented Product(Extended Product) The non-tangible benefits that the product can offer. This encapsulates customer service, after sales and warranty. Nike prides itself on excellent customer services with faulty products instantly replaced without any flutter. Nike warranty time is standard to current markets. Today, Nikeââ¬â¢s products are manufactured in more than 700 factories, employing over 500,000 workers in 51 countries. The company, through its Footwear segment, offers footwear products for men, women and children. Through its Apparel segment, it is engaged in selling sports apparel and other accessories designed for specific purposes. Under the Equipment segment, the company offers a range of performance equipment such as bags, socks, timepieces, sport balls, electronic devices. Other segment offerings are brands such as Cole Haan, Converse, Hurley, NIKE Golf and Umbro. Over the years, Nike has changed the way the game is played with its wide range of products. Nikeââ¬â¢s offerings have been in the ascendancy with the sales of 175 different styles of shoes in the 1980ââ¬â¢s springing to almost 772 different styles in the 1990ââ¬â¢s collections to a remarkable 1200 different styles showcased in the 2000 collection. Nike Air Max was the first line of shoes introduced in 1987 with frequent additions in the same product line over the years. The Air Jordan XX3 was its marquee shoe product designed for basketball with the contemporary issue of environment consciousness in mind. The Ansoff Matrix The Ansoff Matrix is a marketing tool developed to help marketers figure out the best way to grow their business via new and existing products and new and existing markets. The four strategies involved comprise of (Kotler, 2006:48): Adapted from Marketing Management (Philip Kotler) Market Penetration Market penetration is built around marketing existing products to existing markets. Some of the techniques involved to increase revenue are promoting the product, professing brand loyalty etc. Nike has invested heavily in drawing up an elevated level of brand awareness to its omnipresent customer base by way of sponsorships, advertising and promotional activities. The company have significantly revamped their supply chain system which in the past has hampered their quest to meet global customer demands. They have also driven their retail based sales strategy to maintain their shelf space with enticing incentives. Market Development Market development focuses on marketing existing products to new markets. Some of the methods involved in capturing a new audience are exporting products, targeting a new market segment etc. Nike has effectively been able to expand geographically with their multifarious product offerings. They pulled off a masterstroke in 2003 signing up Liu Xiang, Chinaââ¬â¢s first gold medallist at the Olympics . This was followed by an advertisement showcasing his muscle and that of a nation with the trademark Swoosh on his shoulder. The result ââ¬â a walloping 66% rise in sales of its core products in China in what was the start of an intangible treasure hunt. Product Development Product development talks about marketing new products to existing markets. The capabilities here involve innovating new products to replace already existing ones. Nike has constantly been on the run with its technically advanced shoes time and again. The classic example is that of the Air Jordan Lines. There have been a staggering 25 major models of the product released over the past 25 years with variable designs and signature performance re-layers. Diversification Diversification thrives on marketing new products to new markets. It can be classified as related and unrelated. Related means remaining in the same market one is familiar with. Unrelated is delving into a new industry with no marketing experience. Nike has followed related diversification. The Prime example: adding the clothing line to its existing shoe operations. Nike has introduced a 3D soccer game available for download from their website which advertises their key products. This is targeted on a global scale at youngsters who gradually get associated with the product ââ¬â catch them young they say! BCG Matrix The Boston Consulting Group matrix is a chart designed to help companies analyse the performance of their business units. The market growth and market share dimensions provide a handy evaluation for the company on how to prioritize their product portfolio. Adapted from Perspectives on Strategy ââ¬â (Carl W Stern/George Stalk) Cash cows earn a lot of revenue and the onus is on stability strategies. In Nikeââ¬â¢s case, a vintage example is that of the Air Jordan sneakers. They exhibit low growth but already have a dominant market share. Stars are fledging businesses that thrive on accelerated growth of market share. Companies tend to reinvest their profits back into the business hoping to gain enough market-share to envisage themselves as cash cows. Nike has recently announced quadrupling their investments in apparel innovation and trends citing it as their biggest opportunity in the next five years. Nike has also developed its Nike+ products combining the best of both worlds ââ¬â superior products and technology. Question marks are new businesses whereby companies delve into expanding markets albeit with a low market share. Companies use share profits from other businesses to try converting a question mark into a star. Fitting example of a question mark in Nikeââ¬â¢s case are their recent watches and electronic products designed to capture more market share. Dogs yield low returns in a low growing market. Companies tend to employ turnaround and retrenchment strategies for their dogs or even dispose them off if they donââ¬â¢t foresee a measurable future. The Nike brass decided to sell Bauer Hockey in 2008 in the event of tight margins in hard goods and a flat hockey market. Product Life Cycle Product life cycle explains the history of a product and the stages which it went through. It can be divided into the following stages: Introduction Stage: When a product is introduced, sales are going to be low till the customers become aware of the product and its benefits. During this stage, the companies will try to establish a market and build a demand for the product. Growth Stage: The growth stage is a period of quick revenue growth. Sales start increasing as customers start getting to know the product and its benefits . Sales will increase further as retailers express their interest in stocking the product. Maturity Stage: Maturity stage is the most profitable phase. Advertising expenditure will be reduced. Competition by other firms on similar products will be foreseen. The primary objective at this stage is defending market share whilst going hell for leather with profit making. Decline Stage: Sales gradually begin to decline because of a potential variance in customer tastes. The market reaches its threshold for the particular product. Decrease in sales leads to either less or no profit at all. Air Jordan (Example ââ¬â 1) Air Jordan, also simply asà Jordanââ¬â¢sà are a brand of shoes and athletic apparel produced byà Nikeà originally designed for a very well-known professionalà NBAà basketball playerà Michael Jordan. The Air Jordan line is now sold by theà Jordan Brandà subsidiary of Nike. Since its first release in 1985, there have been new designs of the shoe released each year and have been making decent profits even after Michael Jordan retired from the NBA. Below is the Life cycle for this product: Nike introduced the first series of Air Jordan shoes in 1985, there were a multiple series released till date. The above graph illustrates the stages this product went through in product life cycle, which was introduced in 1985. It had a decent introduction, it reached the next stage i. growth by 1992 and made a good amount of profit and reached a maturity state by 1998 and has maintained stability in this stage till date. Nike Hockey Sticks (Example ââ¬â 2) In 1994, the year Nike bought Montreals Canstar Sports, maker of the popular Bauer skates and other equipment, it then manufactured the series of hockey sticks between 2004 -06 in china. Random testing by health has found the lead in t he sticks far exceeds the acceptable tolerance and because the sticks are used by youths, lead is especially harmful. Approximately 100,000 sticks have been found to have dangerous levels of lead. Nike Bauer has issued a recall that takes the sticks out of the hands of youth and junior players. Below is the product life cycle for this product: The above graph illustrates the sudden decline of a product. Nike introduced different models of Hockey sticks for respective customers in American region in the year of 2008. This product has not gone through the stages which comes before the decline stage, since, quite before the product would start growing, it started to decline since the sticks were found harmful to be played with. Positive Impact: Nikeââ¬â¢s gift to the world lies in the comfort of mankindââ¬â¢s happy feet. Creativity has always been Nikeââ¬â¢s forte and it comes as no surprise that they have toyed with the idea of customers designing their own shoes. Watching over the process of production of their creation adds to customer satisfaction and gives them a sign of belonging. Keeping abreast with technology, Nike has collaborated with Apple Inc. to produce the Nike+ product used to monitor a runners performance through a radio device in the shoe linked to the iPod Nano. The cricketing fraternity has largely benefitted from the Air Zoom Yorker, devised to be 30% lighter than competitor shoes. Athletes have found the Nike Free edition to be a major boon with the design allowing foot muscles to gain strength by way of less constriction mechanism. Basketball players found the Nike Hyper dunk to be quite useful with its superior shock absorption techniques minimizing the impact of stress on the muscles. Customer satisfaction can be directly mapped to the success of the company. Nikeââ¬â¢s capture of market share with its diversified product range has seen its revenue shoot through the roof in recent years. Nike, Inc. , Performance Chart (2006-2010) (USD Millions)| | Global Data Limited 2010| Negative Impact Nike also had its fair share of brickbats with respect to its products. Its futuristic-looking hockey skates bombed in the markets during the late 1990ââ¬â¢s. The failure was deduced to be a result of rushing the product into the market before fully straightening out the probable design problems. A good 13 years after acquiring Bauer, and arrogantly making promises that it would revolutionize the business of hockey, Nike eventually sold its Nike Bauer unit to investors Roustan Inc. and Kohlberg ; Co on February 2008, an unassuming fall from grace for one of the worldââ¬â¢s powerful brands. Though Nike Bauer was a market leader, it was predicted that the company would find it hard to recover even half the $395 million amount it paid for Canstar Sports, Bauerââ¬â¢s Montreal-based parent, in December 1994 mainly due to the stagnant hockey market. Nike as a company was built on the assertion that low cost and high quality running shoes could be imported from cheap Asian markets like Japan and sold in the US. Nike felt the negative tremors as allegations were rife that they underpaid factory workers in Indonesia ââ¬â they sold shoes for around about $150 and paid the person making them a meagre 50 cents. Along came the by-products of child labour in Cambodia and Pakistan and unsatisfactory working conditions in China and Vietnam during production. Recently, Nike has brought about winds of change towards its irrelevant practices and is also dedicating its efforts towards environmentally responsible business operations Price Price is one the key component which more or less decides the fate of a company. It is a return on efforts poured into manufacturing and marketing a product. Listed below are the various components of an effective pricing strategy (Proth and Dolgui, 2010: 101) Pricing Strategies Nikeââ¬â¢s pricing Strategies Nikeââ¬â¢s pricing strategy all comes down to understanding the products, competition, marketing the product and most importantly determining which price point is the best for their product. Needless to say, it is very rare that an organization makes use of all the above permutations and combinations in pricing techniques. Nike is no different with its pricing strategy revolving around penetration pricing, premium pricing, value pricing, skimming pricing and psychological pricing. Skimming pricing This approach dwells on skimming market profits layer by layer. Nike has used this to good effect in setting high initial prices for the new design they bring into the market. This is then tailgated by a gradual decline in price as the design has been in the market for a while and a new product is on its way. Price versus Promotion Matrix Adapted from Principles of Marketing (David Jobber) Penetration Pricing Nike initially started out on the principle of penetration pricing so as to capture market share and then gradually increased prices. Premium Pricing As Nike exclusive products developed; it became recognizable to consumers in that marketplace. This drove its perceived value to a higher level especially with the limited editions of the Air Jordanââ¬â¢s. Value pricing Nike went about setting the price to the degree at which consumerââ¬â¢s place their value on the product. It is at this very point that customers associated themselves with Nike and paid the extra penny, as long as their products remained state of the art and exhibited the cutting edge. Psychological pricing Nike has priced their products to $99. 99 (for example). After all in oneââ¬â¢s mind, a . 99 is always cheaper than a . 00. Nike employs a rapid skimming strategy of setting high prices as well as investing heavily in advertising the new product. Generally, Nike shoes current season last for a period between 3 to 6 months where they are sold at peak prices. After that season, comes a process called closeout where prices are gradually reduced. The final stage is that of the inventory cleanout where a take all basis strategy is employed to sales. Price versus Quality Matrix Nikeââ¬â¢s quality is directly proportional to its commitment of excellence. Excellence comes at a premium and fittingly so. This places Nike in the upper rightmost quadrant of the Price vs. Quality matrix. Nikeââ¬â¢s products are well worth their weight in gold. Positive Impact Nikeââ¬â¢s dominance in the market through its vehement promotional strategy coupled with a smart pricing function makes the market as a whole unattractive for competitors. In most cases, it has identified the precise price points across its range of products. The impact of Nikeââ¬â¢s pricing strategies can be seen in its overwhelming sales and profit margins (on a single pair of shoes!!! ) as depicted below. Breakdown of costs for a pair of Nike shoes from an Indonesian plant (Lormand 1995) Production labour Rent, equipment Materials Duties Supplierââ¬â¢s operating cost Shipping Cost to Nike| $2. 75 $3. 00 $9. 00 $3. 00 $3. 00 $0. 50 | $20. 00| Promotion and advertising Research and development Nikeââ¬â¢s operating profit Sales, distribution, and admin. Cost to Retailer| $4. 00 $0. 25 $6. 23 $5. 00 | $35. 50| Retailers rent Personnel Retailers Operating profit Others Cost to consumer| $9. 00 $9. 50 $9. 00 $7. 00| $70. 00| Negative Impact Nikeââ¬â¢s pricing strategy has not always been quaint. The Air Jordan brand shoes were premium priced, released once every year in order to keep the value of the shoe as high as possible and make it a collectorââ¬â¢s item. However, this has prompted this line of shoe to be highly duplicated or imitated which has become a major headache for Nike with the virus spreading to the other products just as well. In 2003, the overpriced Air Jordanââ¬â¢s at $200 were biting the dust on store shelves as consumers shifted base to Sketchers (SKX ), K-Swiss (KSWS ), and New Balance shoes who slowly began nibbling away at Nikeââ¬â¢s heels. Nike has not utilised all the strategies of pricing. Each and every pricing strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Nike can venture into approaches like promotional pricing as an attraction tool for the customer by mentioning the word FREE. Nike can also utilize product bundle pricing by combining products (with a high and low demand) and selling them at a discounted price. Place (Distribution) Place pin points to effective distribution of products or services to the end customers. It is paramount for the organization to correctly estimate the needs and wants of the customers to meet its marketing objectives. Adapted from Principles of Marketing (David Jobber) Channel 1: Direct Marketing (No intermediaries) The direct marketing channel has no intermediaries. The company sells straight to the customers. Channel 2: Indirect Marketing (One intermediary) The first level of indirect marketing involves one intermediary. The company sells its goods to large retailers who in turn line them up for customers. Channel 3: Indirect Marketing (Two intermediaries) The second level of indirect marketing involves two intermediaries. The company sells its goods to wholesalers who buy in bulk and sell them to smaller retailers. Channel 4: Indirect Marketing (Three intermediaries) The third level of indirect marketing involves three intermediaries. The company sells its goods to agents who contact wholesalers who further sell to retailers. From the view of the producers, more number of levels leads to higher complexity and much less control. Nike employs these channels to good effect. Hereââ¬â¢s how: Nike -Direct Marketing By 1999, NIKE had opened 13 of their privately owned NIKE Town superstores located in high traffic upmarket surroundings. The first of those was a posh store in Portland which was soon bettered by a larger than life outlet in downtown Chicago. Nike also operated 53 outlet locations focussed on liquidating overstocked and outdated inventory. NIKE redesigned and overhauled their website incorporated with e-commerce functionality. A variety of products were put up for sale at full retail prices (McIntyre and Perlman 2000). Nike Indirect Marketing (Wholesalers Retailers) Nikeââ¬â¢s store formats include a mix of departmental stores, footwear stores, goods stores, tennis, skate and golf shops, and as well as retail accounts. Nike store are centrally located and easily accessible. The company operates three significant distribution centres located at Memphis, Tennessee and Wilsonville, Oregon in the US. Then, there are the leased distribution facilities which operate on a comparatively smaller scale in the home country. Nike also runs 14 distribution centres worldwide with Japan and Belgium among their prime locations. Nike controls 338 retail stores in the US and 336 stores worldwide. Nikeââ¬â¢s products are distributed on a level basis. Highly priced premium products are saved up for some distributors whereas lowly priced products are readily sold to mammoth stores such as Wal-Mart at cut prices. Value added services ââ¬â Intermediaries Nike benefits from a strong intermediary nexus. Stores like Footlocker contribute significantly to Nikeââ¬â¢s successful performance as an organization. They help in all of the above mentioned aspects(in chart) especially reducing transactional costs, providing after sales benefits, finance and marketing benediction and state of the art storage space . Distribution strategies Nike follows an intensive distribution strategy where products are stocked in scores of outlets. They are readily made available to genuine and interested intermediaries so as to further help them extend their reach to the end customers. For example in the UK, Nike products can be found in retail outlets like JJB Sports , supermarkets like Tescoââ¬â¢s as well as promotional exhibition fairs. Positive impacts As Nikeââ¬â¢s market share grew, it buoyed merchants who carried their products. This helped Nike negotiate terms with retailers on location, display and inventory levels all of which contributed to the overall customer experience. Nike towns in Portland and Chicago became an instant hit with customers flocking in to witness the two-story wall painting of Michael Jordan and trying out shoes in the mini basketball courts. Souvenirs and other rarities was a showcase for the latest Nike had to offer and helped in brand building activities. The 53 stores opened up for liquidation served as a handy means for getting rid of excess inventory whilst maintaining control of the brand. Nikeââ¬â¢s re- launched website keying in on inspirational content as well as innovative products was met with a phenomenal amount of success. Negative impacts In the early days, Nike suffered from retailer inconsistencies. Imperfect information was received on inventory levels leading to stock outs and misallocations . The infamous i2 fiasco was a rap on the knuckles for Nikeââ¬â¢s brand image. It was made an example of as a company that botched up its supply chain unit. It was a deemed to be software glitch and the repercussions cost Nike more than $100 million in lost sales, leading to a depressed stock price by about 20%, which further went on to trigger a flurry of class-action lawsuits. Succinctly, the i2 demand-planning engine ordered for a surplus of thousand Air Garnett sneakers than the market had called for and a thousand fewer Air Jordanââ¬â¢s than were actually in demand. Nike looked at various operational workarounds but at best it was a classic case of damage limitation. The opening of the NIKE Towns and e-commerce applications was a cause of concern for Nikeââ¬â¢s traditional retailers initially as it would eat into their business. Nike allayed fears by positioning their direct marketing strategies differently to the retail markets but doubts were still casted on the anomalies of this move. Promotion Compelling promotions and captivating advertisements are the cornerstones of a successful product in contemporary times. Listed below are the various components of an effective promotional mix. Adapted from Principles of Marketing (David Jobber) Nikeââ¬â¢s promotional strategies Advertising Nikes legend with television commercials dates back to October 1982 with the first advertisement broadcast during the New York Marathon. Wieden and Kennedy were the creators in chief back then and not surprisingly their partnership with Nike still holds fort to this day and age. Nike advertisements are very appealing and leave a long lasting imprint in the viewerââ¬â¢s minds. Public Relations Public relation is an entity that focuses on brand building and as well as defending. Nike has recently employed the green public relations strategy. This has been a powerful weapon in the corporate social responsibility aspect with environmental issues the subject of concern in contemporary times. Personal Selling Nike endorses the personal selling technique to good effect. Customer assistants in Nike retail stores have direct contact and constant interaction with the buyers of their merchandise. Nike representativeââ¬â¢s often train customer assistants on the latest in technology and merchandize. Sales Promotions Sales Promotions are driven around the accelerated purchase of products. Nike entices its customers with discounts, rebates and gift coupons. Direct Mail In the direct mail method, publicity material is sent to a customer within the targeted segment. Nikeââ¬â¢s concentrated efforts in recent times towards publishing its customer catalogues has been met with open arms ââ¬â a staggering 200,000 responses to the catalogue e-mail in 60 days. Internet Marketing The dot com industry has been an emerging trendsetter in ever growing and evolving marketing strategies. Nike has given volumes of ad space to its armada of products via a network of sites. Nike is accelerating Internet marketing campaigns to diversify extensively on the web. The impact of these promotional strategies can again be traced back to the profits at which Nike operates on. Sponsorship has been a key strategy in Nikeââ¬â¢s promotional activities. Nike endorses a galaxy of celebrity athletes across all sports. Michael Jordan was an absolute superstar for them in terms of publicity and sales. A whole array of national teams including the Indian National Cricket Team is under sponsorship contracts with Nike. News has just come in of Nikeââ¬â¢s win as the official uniform sponsor of the National Football League (NFL) for a deal worth a whopping $500 million. Communication Model Adapted from Marketing Management ( Philip Kotler) Research by Jobber and Lancaster (2009) has revealed that selling is often the prima facie of the communication mix rather than the promotional mix. Nike has efficiently translated all the key factors in efficient selling via their communication mix. Through their marketing strategies, they have reached out to a plethora of audiences and gained a profitable response. They have encoded their ideas, coated them with creativity and pushed them through to be easily decoded by the receivers (customers). The message has been conveyed through a variety of promotional channels as discussed earlier with a phenomenal amount of success. The feedback and response have been overwhelming. Positive Impact Nike has always been a bold marketer. They have endorsed top sporting personalities and teams as part of their promotional strategy on the outlook that customers always want to associate themselves with success. The commercials featuring Michael Jordan were a huge hit with people flocking to stores to buy what caught their eye. Nikeââ¬â¢s direct mail and internet marketing scheme has come to be a model of success. Their promotional strategy has targeted specific segments and magically ingrained their products in line with the customerââ¬â¢s secret aspirations. Nike is iconic signifiers of personal health, faith and social inclusion. This has helped Nike propagate their brand, thereby capturing market share in a diverse range of products and generating hefty revenues in the bargain. Negative Impact Some of Nikeââ¬â¢s tie ups have adversely affected them in the market space. Nike had to pull back more than 38,000 pairs of sneakers from the market because the logo offended Muslims. Nike has constantly engaged in ambush marketing since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Ambush marketing is seen in both lights ââ¬â creative as well as parasitic but arguments are that a reputed company Nike could well do without it. Tiger Woods commercial advertisement for Nike after his infidelity issues was not well received by viewers and deemed as bad PR. The sweatshop debacle remains a blot on Nikeââ¬â¢s otherwise vanilla image. SWOT ANALYSIS OF NIKE INCORPORATED Strengths| Weakness| * Strong Brand Image * Supplier Diversity * High Growth| * Recent Setbacks * Child Labour and Sweat Shops | Opportunities| Threats| * New Product Launches * Growth of e-Retail Industry| * Increase in Counterfeit Products * Increase in Wage Rates * Intense Competition| Below is the evaluation of Nikeââ¬â¢s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths: Strong Brand Image Nike relishes a very solid brand image, which assures the company both great sales and profits. It is and has been the largest seller of sporting apparel athletic footwear on a global scale. The company attracts customers with a marketing strategy which centres around a distinctive logo and an advertising slogan ââ¬Å"Just do itâ⬠which is widely popular across the globe. Through its huge celebrity brand endorsements and strong brand awareness campaigns it has been climbing the top brands chart over the years. Nike ranks 25th in the top global brands list with an estimated brand of value of nearly $14 billion compared to its competitor Adidas rank of 62 (Interbrand, Best Global Rankings 2010). It currently ranks 124 (2010) in the fortune 500 list (CNNMoney). In addition to its lead brand Nike, the company also owns other strong brands such as Umbro, Converse, Hurley, Chuck Taylor, All Star, One Star, Cole Haan and Bragano. (Global Data Limited 2010) Supplier Diversity Nike has a strong and wide supplier base worldwide, which helps the company in meeting its customers needs efficiently. Nikeââ¬â¢s belief in ââ¬Å"diversity drives innovationâ⬠has helped in gaining competitive advantage and its well-planned supplier diversity program has had a major impact in the way they conduct their business. Its apparel manufacturing takes place in the 13 different countries and the companyââ¬â¢s Nike brand apparel is also manufactured in 34 countries by various independent contract manufacturers. The company incurs relatively lesser operational costs as all of its footwear is produced in low cost nations such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand. During the financial year 2009, these countries manufactured 36%, 36%, 22% and 6% of total NIKE brand footwear, respectively (Nike Annual Report 2010) High Growth The company has been witnessing a strong growth in sales in geographies such as Asia Pacific and the Americas. Nikeââ¬â¢s increasing presence and growing customer base in these regions have resulted in a strong financial performance. Earnings reports of highlight how the companyââ¬â¢s employees are working overseas to improve profit margins, as growth in the worldââ¬â¢s biggest economy is slowing down. Nikeââ¬â¢s orders for delivery through late November 2009 signalled emerging market demand will remain strong. Comparing with the previous year (2009), orders from emerging markets for Nikeââ¬â¢s brand athletic footwear and apparel rose 30%. In China, Nikeââ¬â¢s orders in 2010 rose by 16%, the companyââ¬â¢s 2nd major market behind North America, compared with 7% in North America. Nike Annual Report 2010) Weakness: Recent Setbacks Operations may take a hit due to the company suffering setbacks in Russia. Stockmann and Nike agreed to terminate the franchise and announced the closure of 5 stores in Russia from 2010. Stockmann used to operate Nike chain comprising seven small s tores located in Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Novosibirsk, and St Petersburg. As of now, only two stores in St Petersburg are likely to be transferred to another company. This development is expected to impact its sales in Russia. (Global Data Limited 2010) Child Labour and Sweat Shops Nike has been critiqued for moving out of countries like South Korea and Taiwan because of workers demand of higher than poverty level wages. The company has relocated factories engaging in below par working conditions in low cost countries such as Mexico, China, Vietnam and Indonesia. Nike has also been criticized for child labour in some of its factories in countries such as Cambodia and Pakistan. Such allegations undermine the companys corporate social responsibility and may adversely affect its brand image. (Segerstorm 2010) Opportunities: New Product Launches Nike always focuses on new product innovations which helps the company create competitive advantage and build brand equity. Innovation continues to be a cornerstone of the companyââ¬â¢s corporate strategy with significant efforts focused against consumer demands for products that are convenient and effective. Recent new products include Zoom Kobe V, lowest-profile and lightest basketball shoe. It also launched N7 Collection, a select range of performance footwear. Further in 2009, the company also introduced Nike Lunar Glide+ and Nike+ Sport Band. Such new product launches will be beneficial for the company in the near future. (Global Data Limited 2010) Growth of e-Retail Industry Rising popularity of online shopping may benefit Nike. According to Internet World Statistics as on March 2009, the internet penetration in the US is about 74. 7 % of the total population and the user growth has been 138. 3 % in the period from 2000 through 2008. The Company can increase customer base by utilizing the opportunity to market its presence across the world through web services. As it is cheaper to maintain online shops compared physical stores, company can save on operational costs. The company already retails through its website and further enhancement of its internet service will prove to be beneficial. With the increase in the internet penetration in the US, the company can foster its growth. (Global Data Limited 2010) Threats: Increase in Counterfeit Products Counterfeiters are benefitting from Nikes brand name, pretending as official sellers on the internet and playing on customerââ¬â¢s confidence in the company. The growing market for counterfeit merchandises has been on upsurge across industries and is affecting the sales as well as the image of the companyââ¬â¢s brands. The fake merchandises in the industry are eating into the market share of the branded products through their low price offerings. Since the customers end up buying the counterfeited goods bearing the duplicate brand labels, low quality of these counterfeits affects the consumer confidence and also tarnishes the brand image of the genuine company. Thus the company is prone to these challenges and any underperformance of the counterfeit products can have a major effect on the companyââ¬â¢s fortunes. (Global Data Limited 2010) Increase in Wage Rates Increasing manpower costs may have an adverse effect on the retailers, such as the company. In the US, the government increased the minimum wage rate in 2009. Furthermore, many states and municipalities in the country have minimum wage rate even higher than $7. 25 per hour due to higher cost of living. Such increases in the minimum wages increase the operating costs of retailers and have an adverse effect on their profits. With Nikeââ¬â¢s employee base of more than 95,000 people, the company is bound to come under pressure due to the pay hikes. (Global Data Limited 2010) Intense Competition The company could be impacted by the growing competition in the market. With rising competition, the industry has been witnessing consolidation wherein the smaller entities are being acquired by or merged with major players. The arrival of private brands in the industry is also on the rise. The company also faces stiff competition from players such as Adidas Group, PUMA AG Rudolf Dassler Sport, Polo Ralph Lauren, Fila USA, Inc. , Reebok International Ltd. and Callaway Golf Company. Rising competition may also force the company to reduce its prices, which may adversely affect its margins. (Global Data Limited 2010) UNDERSTANDING AND SUSTAINING COMPETITION Nike competes globally with a significant number of athletic and leisure shoe companies, sports goods companies, and big firms with diversified lines of businesses, apparel, and equipment, including Adidas, Puma, and others. Annual Report 2010) With $19 billion in revenue in 2010 (Annual Report 2010), Nike is the largest player in its industry, outpacing number-two Adidas by $5 billion at current exchange rates. However, with just 7% of the market, the company has sufficient growth opportunities. Nike can sustain and top the competition by: * Continuing to explore and invest on emerging markets such as China and India. Given its global brand and unrivalled product innovation capabilities, Nike can gain significant market share in the emerging markets * Concentrating to grow its nascent brands such as Converse, Umbro and Hurley. Leveraging Nikeââ¬â¢s marketing and logistics resources, each of these brands can double their size over the next five to seven years * Designing promotional as well product bundle pricing strategies for the untapped consumers and segments who are not able afford Nike brands because of the brandââ¬â¢s high price structure * Renewing and extending contracts of key sporting celebrities such as Kobe Bryant, Cristiano Ronaldo and Lebron James. The introduction of ââ¬Å"Air Jordanâ⬠by linking up with Michael Jordan was one of the mega success stories till date * Continuing to invest on product development and new technologies, to provide advantages to customers who buy Nike products * Forming partnerships with more retailers to promote and sell their products, especially in the emerging markets * Developing newer and innovative products for youngsters (children) and women (Nike currently holds the number one spot for womenââ¬â¢s training footwear. There is still scope to capture more market share in this area) * Supporting more organisations such as ââ¬Å"Livestrongâ⬠which in-turn helps the community. (Livestrong is a Lance Armstrong foundation which has been formed to fight cancer. Nike has helped raise more $80 million for the foundation) (Reuters) REFERENCES McDonough W. , Braungart M. (2002) From Inspiration to Innovation [Online] available from http://www. mcdonough. com/writings/inspiration_innovation. htm [30 July 2006] Sinek, S. (2010) Why Does Your Company Exist? [Online] available from http://sinekpartners. typepad. om/refocus/2010/03/why-does-your-company-exist. html [12 March 2010] Katz, D. (1994) Just Do It: The Nike Spirit in the Corporate World. New York: Random House Armstrong G. , Harker M. , Kotler P. and Brennan R. (2009) Marketing: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited Heiens, R. (2000) Market Orientation: Towards an Integrated Framework. Academy of Marketing Science Review 2000 1 Pro ctor, T. (2001) Strategic Marketing: An Introduction. New York: Routledge Locke,R. (2002) The Promise and Perils of Globalization: The Case of Nike. The Promise and Perils of Globalization: The Case of Nike 1 8 Lormand,E. 1995) Breakdown of costs for a pair of Nike shoes [online] available from http://www-personal. umich. edu/~lormand/poli/nike/nike101-8. htm [1995] Dolgui, A and Proth, J. M (2010) Pricing Strategies and models. Annual Reviews in Control 34 101 McIntyre, K. and Perlman, E. (2000) Nike Channel Conflict [online] available from http://https://gsbapps. stanford. edu/cases/documents/EC9B. pdf [18 November 2010] Kotler, P. (2006) 12 edn. Marketing Management. New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited Jobber, D. and Lancaster, G. (2009) 8 edn. Selling and Sales Management. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited Lussier,R. nd Kimball,D. (2009) Applied Sports Management . Illinois :Human Kinetics Lamb,C. , Hair,J. and McDaniel,C. (2010) 6 edn. The Essentials of Marketing . Canada :Cengage Learning Porter, M. (1985)à Competitive Advantage . New York: Free Press Global data (2009) NIKE, Inc. Financial and Strategic Analysis Review. NIKE, Inc. 9 Nike Annual Report 2010 (2010) 10-K, Annual Report. Nike Inc 4 Segerstrom, P. (2010) Naomi Klein and the Anti-Globalization Movement Sweden: C. E. P. R Nicolaus,S. (2010) Initiating Coverage of Nike, Inc. . Sports and Lifestyle Brands 1 Baird (2010) NKEââ¬â¢s Five-Year Plan. Nike Inc. 2 Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-1046070182632978352020-04-18T07:10:00.001-07:002020-04-18T07:10:04.146-07:00The Basic Facts of Violence Against Women Research Paper Topics The Basic Facts of Violence Against Women Research Paper Topics The Violence against Women Research Paper Topics Cover Up Women were expected to provide sexual favors so as to find protection from the soldiers. Children on the opposite hand may develop serious developmental difficulties and might find it hard to socialize with different people. College isn't large school, but your little one can be safe with a couple personal precautions. For example, a master level research paper demands an expert with no less than a master or Ph.D. degree. Looking at an actual paper for your class can assist you in lots of ways. The primary aim of example research papers is to assist students learn to develop their own assignment and to comprehend how a paper is structured. If you were able to only find a true research paper example that's relevant and targeted to your present-day class, you might secure a better grasp on how best to compose your own paper. The research incorporates the outcomes of several interviews that were held in the shape of conversation as a way to set a high degree of confidence between the researcher and the respondent. You may even get great examples of research paper topics to help you limit your pick. If you believe that writing of a research paper is just about gathering relevant materials and copy-pasting then in another document, you're mistaken. A research paper involves surveying a field of knowledge as a way to get the best possible data in that area. The great thing about arranging a biography essay is an established format, not just in MLA format style, but additionally in the easy organization of the content. So, the one thing you need to do is merely to organize information you've found and texts you have written for your research. Try to remember, you're not setting out to conduct research as a way to prove a point. Based on your topic, specific examples or literary support could be hard to find. First of all, you must talk about the precise topic that you need to cover in your research paper. Literary research paper example can be significantly helpful for students at various phases of education and even on the job. It is not a task for one day. Writing a research paper may look as a mission impossible if you've never had the chance to work on this kind of assignment. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of normal student life. You must understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. As the title of the writing implies you must conduct the research in the certain region of knowledge. In these paragraphs, the critiquing process is going to be utilized to assess the articles and corresponding research study. You should attempt to decide on a topic for your research subject in line with the instructions of your professor. A research paper is a rather serious kind of academic writing. It is usually the first step for students to get funding for their project, so it is crucial to create a thoughtful and deep paper. The more you fully grasp the simpler it's for you to compose a thriving research paper. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-7831490998496260152020-04-15T08:27:00.001-07:002020-04-15T08:27:05.132-07:00Writing A College Essay On Nutrition And FoodWriting A College Essay On Nutrition And FoodWhat are some good college essay topics for nutrition and food? After all, how do you give your students a good education without it being boring and repetitive? There are more students at all levels of education who are concerned about the amount of calories they eat every day. They want to know what the safest, most healthy, and delicious foods are so that they can be assured that they are getting their proper daily dosage of energy and nutrients.So how do you find good college essay topics for nutrition and food? One method is to ask a student about his or her diet and tell him or her to write a few sentences explaining why. Then, fill in the rest of the essay as you normally would.However, if the student chooses to write an essay about something else, it may be a little bit more difficult. The best way to come up with a topic for a nutrition and food essay is to think about what the student wants to say. If he or she has any questions or concerns, then use them as the basis for your topic.Students always want to know what are some good college essay topics for nutrition and food. They are usually more interested in food than they are in a college essay, but sometimes it is good to mix up the two topics and really get the student thinking about what he or she should be talking about. Let the student choose a topic that they feel will interest them. In fact, they probably have ideas about what is the best topic for this topic.One of the things that you should do when you are writing a nutrition and food essay, of course, is to start out with the basics and look for good college essay topics for nutrition and food by discussing how healthy food is. For example, you can talk about the nutritional value of the food you eat every day. You can also make a very strong case for the many advantages of eating real, fresh foods rather than processed foods.You may want to research foods that have high nutritional value and tr y to find out how often they are used in cooking. For example, bananas have been used for centuries to create certain types of soups and stews. If bananas are part of your students' diet, you might want to mention that when talking about nutrition and food.It's important that your students understand the advantages of eating real, fresh foods as a good college essay topics for nutrition and food. Another idea is to discuss ways in which the environment affects the health of our bodies. A way to show this is to talk about the pollution in our current environment. The environment can also be a way to tell the student that there are many benefits to eating real, fresh foods and the environment and by showing the benefits of a 'green' environment, you will be able to convince your students that eating real, fresh foods can greatly affect their health.Finally, after you have explored the major benefits of eating real, fresh foods and the environment in your student's life, you might want to start looking for food that is safe to eat. You might want to talk about the dangers of eating foods like hot dogs, burgers, and fried chicken. This is a good idea for students who are not interested in animals but are curious about what are some good college essay topics for nutrition and food. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-51345988111297328262020-04-13T07:47:00.001-07:002020-04-13T07:47:03.404-07:00Essay Topics For Election EssaysEssay Topics For Election EssaysThere are plenty of election topics for essay writing. Knowing what to write and where to find it can make a huge difference in how well your essay is received. The following guidelines can help you write a great essay on a variety of topics for an election.Studies have shown that voters who have two or more candidates they plan to vote for are more likely to focus their attention on the candidates on their school board and to pick one candidate over the other. By giving them the option to read your perspective, you can get them to listen to what you have to say. In turn, they will likely do the same.Another topic for essay writing is the local government. Here too, two opposing viewpoints are portrayed, but here the two viewpoints are somewhat opposite. One candidate believes in the use of taxpayer dollars for public education and the other believes the government shouldn't spend any money on this. Which side do you take?In many other situations, it m ay seem that government issues are one sided. But in reality, politicians understand that in order to get elected, they need to appeal to as many groups as possible, so that they can reach out to as many people as possible. Polls show that a majority of voters actually want the government to do things such as cure cancer, put a man on the moon, and pay off student loans.Let's say you happen to be a writer, and you have the ability to delve into the political issues of the day. You can write a comprehensive and compelling article explaining both sides of the issue at hand. This will help you make connections with people and hopefully persuade them to vote in your favor.Many people believe that certain groups of people are less likely to be educated about an issue. Perhaps these groups feel like the opposite is right, and that if it were true, they wouldn't be so opposed to it. But in fact, political issues tend to be more controversial than the average issue.Common sense often dictat es the right answer. If someone is in a position of power, they might want to be heard, but not necessarily the answer they wish to hear. Their position will most likely lead to problems down the road, even if they think it will solve the problem.Remember, the bottom line is always personal opinion. There is no clear right or wrong when it comes to these issues. A balance is often best when trying to arrive at the right conclusion. And in turn, that is the best way to get a reader to listen to what you have to say in your essay. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-49348288303767981442020-04-12T22:02:00.001-07:002020-04-12T22:02:02.468-07:00101 Intro to Literary Analysis and Woman Hollering Creek Professor Ramos Blog101 Intro to Literary Analysis and Woman Hollering Creek Analysis vs Summary Quick Write A theme is a central idea in a piece of writing or other work of art. What theme or themes did you notice in ââ¬Å"Woman Hollering Creek?â⬠Analysis vs Summary Summary versus Analysis. What is the difference? What does it mean to analyze literature? Analysis : detailed examination of the elements or structure of something. ââ¬Å"Woman Hollering Creekâ⬠La Llorona Prezi What are some themes, recurring topics or ideas, that you have noticed? Lets come up with a list of characters. Arguable Thesis Start with what interests you, to develop a point of analysis. You can choose a character, theme, issue, context, patterns, metaphors, authors style or language, etc. What is standing out to you and then you can develop that into a thesis. You will be arguing that your analysis of the work is valid. Developing Strong Thesis Statements In Woman Hollering Creek, Sandra Cisneros is recasting traditional negative Mexican female archetypes in a positive light. Focus on Thesis and Structure One way to organize your analysis essay: Introduce the text and state yourà arguable thesis. Body paragraphs 1-3,4,5,6 cite passages and explain how each supports your thesis and interpretation. Conclusion, sum up your interpretation in light of your analysis Document Sources, works cited. You can choose other ways of organizing, as long as it is clear and à makes sense. Student Video What is a Literary Analysis? Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation Literary Analysis The Art of Quoting According to the book, what is the purpose of a citation? When is the use of a citation appropriate? Claims Chinaà is the largest nation in the world. A McDonaldââ¬â¢sà Big Macà ®Ã has 550 calories. Why do these need support? Where can you find it? Quote Sandwich Introduce the quotation p. 46 Quote, relevant Explain Quotation p. 47 Quick Write Why are citations important? How did you find support for the claims? Is it wrong to not cite sources?à Why or Why not? How would you feel if your ideas or work were used without giving you credit? Alternate Interpretation Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-9075801243502592252020-04-11T07:09:00.001-07:002020-04-11T07:09:03.564-07:00Examples of College Application Essay ResumesExamples of College Application Essay ResumesExamples of college application essay resumes are really helpful. There are a lot of applications and college admission applications out there to choose from. There are so many questions you need to answer when you are filling out the forms. Your main focus should be on writing the content that shows your interests and what you can bring to the school.You want to make sure that it is engaging. Try to make the content flow through your body as you read it. Some tips to keep in mind are to read the tips carefully so that you do not get tripped up by them, and try to make them flow as you are reading them.Keep in mind that these examples are designed to help you create a resume and it is not the only thing you should include. Just using these examples as a guideline will allow you to start creating the essay that you will ultimately use.Examples of college application essays for essay writers have taken on some type of trend over the past few years. It has become more common to find sample applications with a sample resume. Sometimes it is necessary to keep the copy of the document you are using, so that you can edit the resume as needed. These samples can be helpful to the aspiring writer, because they give you an idea of what to expect.In addition to examples of college application essays, there are now many blogs and websites on the internet that you can check out. Some sites give you tips about what the best approach is for you to take when writing an essay. They also offer great advice on how to approach your research.Other sites that offer examples of college application essays are College Application Essay Examples and College Application Essay Caterer. These sites do a great job ofgiving you examples of how these programs will work for you. As long as you keep in mind that you will be using your own essay in college, you can make the best decisions that you can.The examples of college application essays are real ly helpful for those who are just starting out. They help you learn how to use the information that you are given and that is included in the samples. They can also be used as a guide in order to see if you are doing things right and to keep in mind all the other strategies that you can use. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-90877068062381136292020-03-11T03:07:00.001-07:002020-03-11T03:07:04.398-07:00Sas Case Study Essay ExampleSas Case Study Essay Example Sas Case Study Essay Sas Case Study Essay Succeeding with old-fashioned values in a new industry 1 (revised September 2010) Adapted by CH Besseyre des Horts from C. A. OReilly III J. Pfeffer (2000) : Hidden Value, how great companies achieve extraordinary results with ordinary people, Harvard Business School Press, pp. 99-117. 1 1 CASE STUDY THE SAS INSTITUTE : Succeeding with old-fashioned values in a new industry TREATING PEOPLE DIFFERENTLY (and better) than they expect to be treated, and differently than other companies in the industry treat them, is not something that only works in retailing. Even in the world of high technology and software development, there is a case to be made for being different. And few companies in this industry are as different as the one described in this chapter : SAS Institute that was ranked in 2010 the #1 Best Company to Work For in the USA 2 , # 10 in India 3 and among the 25 Top Employers in China 4 . SAS Institute, the largest privately owned software company in the world, is an anachronism. In an era of relentless pressure, this place is an oasis of calm. In an age of frantic competition, this place is methodical and clearheaded. In a world of free agency, signing bonuses, and stock options, this is a place where loyalty matters more than money. In a world of outsourcing and contracting out, SAS Institute outsources and contracts out almost nothing. Day care workers, onsite health professionals, food service workers, and even most security guards are all SAS Institute employees. In an era of managed care, SAS offers a full indemnity health plan with low deductibles. In almost every respect, SAS Institute seems like a throwback to an earlier era, to a time when there were long-term attachments between companies and their people, and large, progressive organizations such as Eastman Kodak, S. C. Johnson, and Sears offered generous, inclusive benefits in an effort to enhance the welfare of their workforce. Not all observers seem to approve of this form of employment relationship. Some people say that SAS Institute reeks of paternalism or a plantation mentality in a world otherwise dominated by market like labor market transactions. For instance, an article in Forbes stated, More than one observer calls James Goodnights SAS Institute, Inc. , the Stepford software company after the movie The Stepford Wives. In the movie, people were almost robot-like in their behavior, apparently under the control of some outside force. Another article noted, The place can come across as being a bit too perfect, as if working there might mean surrendering some of your personality. Of course, no one is forced to work at the company, and there are many nearby opportunities available. SAS Institute is so inclusive and comprehensive in what it does for its people that it makes some observers, more accustomed to the arms-length, occasionally adversarial relationship between employers and employees now so typical in organizations, uncomfortable. Certainly, aspects of the companys generous benefits, spacious, campus-like grounds, and concern for the total welfare of all of its people seem out of place in contemporary management practice. What a puzzle! How can a company that operates like firms did fifty years ago succeed in todays economy-not only that, but succeed in one of the most high-technology sectors of that economy, software? SAS Institute poses a second mystery. The conventional wisdom is that turnover is endemic and inevitable in high technology in general and software in particular. In these industries 2 3 http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2010/full_list/ greatplacetowork. in/best/list-in. htm 4 topemployers. com. n/en/employers/OurProjects/ChinasTopEmployers2010/CertifiedorganisationsA Z. aspx 2 there is a tremendous shortage of people, and job hopping is an accepted and even expected part of peoples career strategy. But SAS Institute, with no signing bonuses, no stock options, no phantom stock-none of the gimmicks that have come to be taken for granted as ways of inducing people to join and remain in companies-has a turnover rate of less than 4 percent. Never in the more than thirty-two years of the companys history has turnover been above 5 percent. SAS Institute is located in Cary, in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. It is surrounded by numerous pharmaceutical companies, as well as by IBM, Northern Telecom, and many other high-technology and software companies, so SAS people would not have to move geographically if they wanted to change jobs. How in the world has SAS Institute kept its turnover so low and succeeded so well in wooing and retaining the talent that has permitted the company to flourish? BACKGROUND SAS Institute was founded in 1976 by Dr. James Goodnight, John Sall, Anthony Barr, and Jane Helwig. Goodnight, today the CEO, was an undergraduate in applied mathematics at North Carolina State University in the 1960s. The son of a hardware store owner, he helped pay his way through college by moonlighting as a programmer. After graduating, Goodnight worked for General Electric on the ground control system for the Apollo space program before returning to North Carolina State to obtain his doctorate in statistics in 1971. He then joined the faculty on a so-called soft money appointment-a position in which you had to go out and get the grants to pay your own salary. Goodnight and Barr, who had worked for IBM for two years developing an information system for the Pentagon and was now also working at State, thought it was wasteful to have to write a new program every time students wanted to do a new statistical analysis. They decided to develop a uniform program that could be used over and over, and that could solve lots of different kinds of [statistical] problems. Having developed such a system, they leased SAS (Statistical Analysis System) to other agricultural schools in the region and to some pharmaceutical companies. When the soft money began to dry up, they were told they could stay on at the university but would have to pay their own salaries. Instead, they left and formed their own company. When that company, SAS Institute, Inc. , began in 1976 as an independent entity, it already had 100 paying customers and was cash flow positive. Except for a mortgage on its first building, SAS Institute has never had any debt, nor has it ever had to raise outside venture or other equity capital. What about ownership of the intellectual property? North Carolina State ceded them all copyrights on the program in exchange for free upgrades. If this seems generous, consider that in the 1970s there really wasnt a software industry and no one knew what software was worth. As Jim Goodnight recounts, when his wife would tell people her husband worked in software, they thought it was some type of clothing or undergarments. One of the cofounders, Anthony Barr, sold his 40 percent stake in the company for about $340,0 00 in 1979. Jane Helwig left to found another software company, Seasoned Systems, with her husband and then decided to attend medical school. She now practices obstetrics/ gynecology, and her stepsons, Mark and David Helwig, work for SAS Institute. Today, James Goodnight owns two-thirds of the company; the other cofounder, John Sall, owns the other third. Goodnights two-thirds stake of SAS Institute means that, according to Forbes, he is the forty-second richest person in the world. John Sall, also a billionaire, is not active at all in the 3 management of SAS Institute and does not want to be. He sees himself as a statistician and a software developer-not a businessperson or a manager. Over the years, the SAS program has expanded to become a twenty module system for data warehousing, data mining, and decision support. With 6. million lines of code, the massive program is used by the U . S. Census Bureau to count and categorize population, by the Agriculture Department to develop crop forecasts and by the long distance phone companies to figure out how much to charge for each call . Banks use SAS Institute software to do credit scoring, hotels use the product to manage frequent visitor programs, and catalog companies use the system to help decide which people to mail particular catalogs. The original statistical analysis package that was the foundation of the company currently contributes less than 2 percent of total revenue. SAS Institute operates on a worldwide basis. In 2009, the company has many sales offices in the United States and more than 400 offices globally, as well as 600 licensed distributors. Ninety-seven percent of the Fortune 100 companies use SAS software, as do more than 93 percent of the Global 500. SAS Institute has more than 45,000 customers sites throughout the world in 122 countries 5 . Because SAS Institute is privately owned, information on its finances is not publicly available. Figures 1 and 2 present information on sales revenues for the past 23 and 33 years. SAS Institute is currently the largest privately owned independent software company. SAS Institute has enjoyed double-digit revenue growth since its founding. Year Revenues (millions US $) 1986 98 1990 240 1994 482 1998 871 2002 1. 180 2005 1. 68 2007 2. 15 2008 2. 26 2009 2. 31 Figure 1 : Annual Sales Revenues for SAS Institute 1986 ââ¬â 2009 6 Figure 2 : SAS Annual Revenue History 1976 ââ¬â 2009 3 5 6 SAS Institute company fact sheet ( sas. com/company/about/statistics. html ) Annual report SAS Institute 2009 ( sas. com/corporate/annual-report-current. df) and company fact sheet ( sas. com/company/about/statistics. html ) 4 The company has no single competitor that provides precisely the range of software products it does, but in segments of its business it competes with companies such as SPSS that offer statistical analysis and graphic packages, with vendors of decision support and graphics, or with database management companies such as Oracle; Although originally running only on mainframes, SAS applications run on midrange computers, workstations, and personal computers as well as on a variety of mainframe platforms. The company is to use Internetand intranet-based applications. SAS Institute has spent in 2009 about 23 percent of its revenues on research and development, an amount that has remained remarkably constant over the years and is about twice the average for the software industry. SAS Institute employs about 11,325 people (end of 2009), approximately 38% of them work at corporate headquarters at Cary. Almost all of the companys software development occurs at Cary, with the other offices performing account management and service support. If anyone thinks that SAS Institutes success was foreordained by its being at the right place at the right time, a comparison with SPSS is particularly revealing. SPSS was founded in the late 1960s by three Stanford University graduate students to offer packages for statistical packages. SPSS incorporated in 1975 and set up its headquarters in Chicago. In August 1993, SPSS offered stock to the public. SPSS applications originally ran only on mainframes, but in the 1980s they were migrated to a personal computer operating environment. In 1996, desktop revenues were almost 80 percent of total revenues. SPSS traditionally offers data analysis and graphics software, process documentation, and various management products. More recently, SPSS principal activity has moved to provide technology that transforms data into insight through the use of predictive analytics and other data mining techniques : SPSS solutions and products enable organizations to improve decision-making by learning from the past, understanding the present as well as anticipating future problems and opportunities. Although its origins in a university were similar to SAS Institute and it was founded at about the same time, the growth of the two companies has been quite different. In the fiscal year that ended December 31, 2008, SPSS had revenues of $302. 9 million 7 , less than one-seventh that of SAS Institute and about 1,200 employees compare to more than 11,000. SPSS was subsequently acquired late 2009 by the giant IBM 8 in order to reinforce its predictive analytics solutionsââ¬â¢ offerings. Strategy SAS Institutes business strategy is built on relationships. As described in the companys 1996 annual report, The Institute is founded on a philosophy of forming lasting relationships with our customers, our business partners, and our employees. These critical relationships, combined with our leading-edge software and services, together form the basic elements of our success. Relationships are important because, unlike many software vendors, SAS Institute does not sell products and subsequent upgrades but rather offers site licenses, provided on an annual basis after a thirty-day free trial. The software is not cheap. A charge of $50,000 a year for 50 users is typical. However, the licenses include free upgrades to new versions of the software and outstanding customer support. Initial first-year revenues are less than if the product were sold outright, but over time, revenues from a given customer will be 7 8 corporateinformation. com/Company-Snapshot. aspx? cusip=78462K102 spss. com/ibm-announce/ 5 higher as long as that customer remains with SAS Institute. The companys license renewal rate is over 98 percent. Early 2009, the economic crisis situation has not impacted the optimistic view of the market as expressed by Jim Goodnight in the 2008 annual report : In 2008, organizations of all sizes- spanning every industry and geography- felt the effects of a slowing economy. Though everyone is still trying to see the light at the end of the tunnel, I am optimistic about the future, and Iââ¬â¢ll tell you why. Businesses have been forced, by necessity, to get back to basics- to focus on the essentials that can help them weather this economic crisis. If the market has taught us anything, it is that no matter how bad things get, they will get better. How individual businesses conduct themselves in the face of such dire economic circumstances will help determine who will be around when things begin to improveâ⬠¦ 9 This positive vision was confirmed early 2010 by Jim Goodnight in the 2009 annual report : ââ¬Å"Our optimism and determination in the face of an uncertain economy paid off last year, and we finished 2009 ââ¬â our 34th consecutive year of growth ââ¬â with global revenues of US$2. 31 billion, up 2. 2 percent over 2008 results. Our revenue from software sales alone jumped 3. 3 percent at a time when the software revenue of other major vendors has been declining. Customers are increasingly turning to SASà ® solutions to maximize effective customer relations, more effectively manage operations and engage in better risk management. Software revenue was strong in several areas, including customer intelligence, credit risk, supply chain and text analytics, attesting that companies striving to survive in a down economy, and succeed in times of recovery and growth, need such solutions to answer complex business problems, spur innovation and enable success. â⬠10 Customer support is one key to maintaining satisfied customers. SAS Institute has one technical support person for every 100 customers. Customer loyalty is intense. Like many software companies, SAS Institute sponsors user group meetings. One difference is the loyalty of the users who attend these meetings. SAS veterans of previous user conventions wear up to 20 badges on their jackets as a demonstration of loyalty. Howard Dresner, research director for the Gartner Group, sometimes speaks at SAS user group meetings and commented, I was afraid that if I said anything negative they [the users] would lynch me. Product development at SAS Institute is also based on staying in very close touch with customers and giving them what they want and need. Jim Goodnight said : Listen to the customers. Give them the software they want. There is no reason to develop software they dont want. . . . Once a project is underway, well have a few of our customers come in that we know are interested. in a particular area and have meetings with them and have them test the software weve developed. . . . If we could make these products fit the needs of half a dozen companies through these strategic partnerships, it will pretty well fit the needs of other companies as well One way information is acquired is by meeting with users in user group conferences. SAS Institute has six regional user groups in the United States, one international group, and a dozen country-specific user groups. It also sponsors a number of user group conferences throughout the world each year. At user conferences, the company holds a contest asking questions about the SAS software, for which customers have been known to study for days. 9 10 Annual report SAS Institute 2008 Annual report SAS Institute 2009 ( sas. com/corporate/annual-report-current. pdf) 6 Each year the company sends each of its customers a ballot asking what features they would like to see. From tabulating the results of that ballot, the company decides on its development priorities for the coming year. The company does not have a focused product strategy, nor does it engage into along-range planning. Goodnight believes that the industry is evolving too rapidly for such planning and, as he puts it, I am not as much of a visionary as Bill Gates, so I cant tell where the industry is going. The company will not turn down a product idea that seems sound, even if the idea doesnt fit tightly into the existing product line. As David Russo , formerly the vice president of human resources commented, the company operates on the philosophy of the educator Maria Montessori, namely, that creativity should be followed not led. Russo noted that if youre hiring creative people, you give them their head, you tell them that its all right to take chances and you mean it, they will do their best. People at SAS Institute are encouraged to do new things. David Russo commented: Have you ever heard us talk about the holes ? He [Goodnight] says that hes dug a lot of holes. The only smart thing is knowing when to quit digging. . . We dont know if its going to make a lot of money for the company or not. But the technology out there is exciting and it might turn into something. Go for it. As one consequence of this customer-focused, employee-initiative product development philosophy, SAS Institute is developing video games and is moving heavily into educational software. Neither of these areas is within the scope of its t raditional focus on statistical and data mining products. These new products are being internally incubated, not obtained through acquisitions. One other important element of SAS Institutes business is its drive for market share and revenue growth. David Russo commented that the company, and Jim Goodnight, wants the software everywhere. If its a choice between making X dollars per sale or having more people have the software, he would rather have the software everywhere. He [Goodnight] thinks that there is no reason that any midsized or large enterprise shouldnt be using SAS. They should be using SAS for everything. So his perspective is, it should be out there. And as a result, hell try anything. SAS INSTITUTE PHILOSOPHY AND VALUE The fundamental way that SAS Institute operates has been the same since its inception and is premised on a small, consistent set of values and beliefs. One is the desire to create a corporation where it was much fun for the workers as for top management. Two principles are inherent in that statement. The first is the principle that all people at SAS Institute are treated fairly and equally. In its practices and day-to-day operations, the company is a very egalitarian place. Jim Goodnight nor anybody else has a reserved parking space. His health plan is no different from that of the day care workers. There is no executive dining roomeveryone regardless of position can eat at one of the on-site company cafeterias, where highquality, subsidized food is accompanied by a pianist playing during the lunch hour. Everyone at SAS Institute has a private office, not a cubicle. Dress is casual and decided by what the person feels comfortable wearing. As Goodnight explained, Four of us started the business. When we started, there were no employees, we were all principals. What we tried to do was to treat people who joined the company as we ourselves wanted to be treated. . . The 7 company is characterized by an egalitarian approach. The second important principle is that the workplace should be fun and people should be treated with dignity and respect. This philosophy comes from Goodnights early experiences. When he worked for General Electric on the Apollo space program, although the work was interesting, the job environmen t was not good: We had guards at the door every day. . . . We had to sign in. Youd go down the hall and put your quarter in the machine and get a cup of coffee out. A lot of these things, I found somewhat offensive. Essentially, SAS Institute believes in the power of reciprocity-that people feel obligated to return favors that are done for them. Or, more prosaically stated, if you treat your people well, they will treat the company well by being loyal and dedicated in return. Jim Goodnight has commented that he likes being around happy people. Who wouldnt ? He and other SAS Institute leaders believe that if you take care of your people, they will take care of the company. As one manager put it, the basic philosophy is one of trickle down-if you treat people well, things will take care of themselves. A third, interconnected part of the philosophy that guides SAS Institute is a belief in and reliance on intrinsic, internal motivation. Part of trusting people is treating them like resp onsible adults and relying on them to do a good job. Barrett Joyner, vice president of North American sales and marketing, noted that the emphasis is on coaching rather than monitoring and controlling. Trust and respect- its amazing how far you can go with that. The importance placed on people comes from the fact that SAS Institute operates in a business critically dependent on intellectual capital. David Russo, who was head of human resources for more than seventeen years, explained: The best way to produce the best and get the best results is to behave as if the people who are creating those things for you are important to you individually. Every night at 6 oclock, all of our assets walk out the doorâ⬠¦We just hope they come back at nine the next morning.. If you believe that, then its just a waterfall of common sense. It just means that you take care of the folks who are taking care of you. . . . Why we do the things we do is whats important. The things we do are secondary. . . . They are just a natural outgrowth of a philosophy that if you really mean that your people are important, you will treat them like they are important. The final part of the SAS Institute philosophy comes from an important insight about the business and economic benefits that come from creating an environment in which both the physical aspects the workplace and the services offered to employees relieve the stress and the day-to-day concerns of people: We believe that an employee with some of the normal workday stresses relieved . . is more productive, not only for that day, but comes back more refreshed and able to be more productive that second day . . . and so on, explains Russo. The point of the strategy is to make it impossible for people not do their work, by removing as many distractions and concerns possible. The ideas that people are important, that if you take care of them they will take care of the company, and that taking care of them involves treating them as you yourself might want to be treated are not particularly novel or complicated. What makes SAS Institute fairly unusual is that it actually lives by these simple precepts. Implementing this philosophy requires taking 8 a long-term approach. SAS Institute definitely thinks long term. Goodnight commented, We only take a long-term view of all issues. Since any project will take at least one to three years to come to fruition, a long-term perspective is required This long-term perspective extends to the management of people at SAS Institute. HOW SAS INSTITUTE MANAGES ITS PEOPLE The management practices SAS Institute uses are all premised on the idea that in an intellectual capital business, attracting and retain talent is paramount, and that the way to attract and retain good people is to give them interesting work to do, interesting people to do it with, and treat them like the responsible adults that they are. It is a management system based on trust and mutual respect. The fact that it is so unusual says something about most contemporary organizations and their leaders. The fact that the system works so well says a lot about human potential and what it takes to unlock that potential. Benefits and the Work Environment SAS Institute is probably most famous for its generous, family-friendly benefits and pleasant physical work environment. As already mentioned, everyone (including assistants) has a nice private office and is provided with the latest computer equipment. As in many organizations, the philosophy and practices reflect the founders early experiences and their reactions to those experiences. Goodnight tells about interviewing for a job as a computer programmer-a job he did not take- when he was a young man: The programmers sat in desk after desk, lined up row after row, in a building that was like an aircraft hangar. No walls, no privacy. Company headquarters at Cary consists of eighteen buildings scattered over a 200-acre campus-like setting with a lake and beautiful grounds and forests. The grounds feature outdoor sculpture and picnic areas, as well as hiking trails. People sometimes bring their friends and family to the grounds on the weekend for picnics or hiking. The building are architecturally interesting, with atriums and light wells. Goodnight himself oversees their design. They are beautifully decorated with art something that a committee of four, including an artist-in-residence as well as Goodnight, attends to. Company policy is for people to work about thirty-five hours a week, or a 9 to 5 work day with an hour for lunch and exercise. If you call after 5 P. M. , the voice mail system tells you that the company is closed. As David Russo noted, if you shot off a tell gauge shotgun in the parking lot on a typical Wednesday at 7 P. M. , you wouldnt hit anything. Goodnight and other senior leaders have the same schedule. Betty Friend, the director of corporate communications, has contrasted SAS Institute with other software companies, commenting, you know that old joke about Microsoft having flex time, they dont care what 18 hours you work? The company believes that people dont perform effectively when they are tired. Jim Goodnight commented: Ive seen some of the code that people produce after these long nights and its garbage. You throw it away the next day and start over. . . You have got to be alert and sharp to be a good programmer. . . . Id rather have sharp, focused people that write good code that doesnt need as much testing. I recently came back from a Microsoft conference and they said that now Microsoft has three testers for every programmer. 9 The reduced work hours permit people to have both a job and a life. It means that women dont have to give up their careers if they want to s ee their children. As a consequence, at SAS Institute more than 50 percent of the managers are women, a relatively high percentage for the software industry. The company has been able to attract and retain both men and women with its work-family balance. The company has a number of other amenities and benefits, such as an on-site 7,500-squarefoot medical facility staffed by six nurse practitioners, two family practice physicians, a physical therapist, massage therapist, and a mental health nurse. The average waiting time to be seen, if you have an appointment, is five minutes. When waiting times increase (for instance, because of the growth in the number of SAS people), the medical facility adds people, adjusts hours, or does something else to reduce the waiting time. SAS Institute recognizes that time is money and that time spent obtaining medical care cant be used on work. The facility is free to employees and their families, although there is a small copayment required for the massage therapist. The companys full indemnity health plan-not an HMO or a PPO, and with no managed carehas a $100 deductible per person, $350 per family, and covers first dollar costs for many things. Nonetheless, SAS Institutes health care costs are $1,000 per employee below the average health care costs for plans that arent nearly as ich as theirs. The SAS Institute health plan includes vision care, hearing, a go dental plan, free physicals, free mammography, and many other benefits. Gail Adcock, the manager of corporate health services, noted that the goal of her group was to keep people at work and to decrease turnover, not simply to save money. SAS Institute also provides on-site Montessori day care, with one staff for every three children. Although the day care was originally provided completely free, SAS employees now pay about one third of what the comparable fee would be in the market. Between the on-site and subsidized off-site care, SAS Institute provides child care for 528 children. SAS Institute has a fitness center that includes a large aerobics floor, two full-length basketball courts, a private, skylit yoga room, and workout areas segregated by gender. . . . Outside, there are soccer and softball fields. All of this is free to employees and their families. SAS Institute provides towels and even launders exercise clothes, also for free. The company estimates that 65 percent of its people use the exercise center two of more times per week. SAS is noted for its snack facilities-refrigerators and small eating areas- scattered throughout the buildings. Every Wednesday afternoon, plain and peanut MMs are distributed to these snack areas on every floor and every building. SAS Institute uses 22. 5 tons of MMs a year. SAS Institute was one of the early companies to offer benefits for domestic partners. It provides on-site help in arranging elder care. The company provides financial assistance and paid leave for adoptions. The companys cafeterias provide excellent food at subsidized prices, with live piano music in the background. Families are encouraged to use this facility, and many parents will eat lunch with their children who are at the on-site day care facility. A program provides undergraduate scholarships to SAS Institute employees on a competitive basis. The company even helps with housing: It sells some of the land it owns to employees at discounted prices so they can build homes. The idea behind all of this is to remove distractions that keep people from focusing on their jobs and also to reduce the stresses that come from dealing with the common demands of life. 10 For SAS employees not working at Cary, every effort is made to provide similar levels of benefits and amenities, either on site or by purchasing them for employees at local vendors. The idea is to provide Cary-level care for everyone. Performance Management David Russos theory of performance management is simple: Give people the tools to do their jobs and then let them do it, while holding them accountable. Every SAS product manual includes the names of the developers and testers who created or updated the software. Try finding the name of any person in the product manuals for most software companies, such as Microsoft. SAS Institute has eliminated the performance appraisal form. David Russo explained the decision: We dont do performance appraisals. Why? Because theyre stupid. Because everybody hates them. Because they take an inordinate amount of time with always a negative result. Instead of formal appraisals, managers commit to spending time talking to their people and providing feedback on a regular basis, at least three times a year. In return for getting rid of the appraisals, managers also committed to walking around and talking to their people. Russo believes: If there were a good performance appraisal process, everybody would be using it. . . . So what happens is companies institute a new performance appraisal process, it works for a while because its new, and all of a sudden it starts to slide and then they start looking for something else. . . .I dont think you can really manage someones performance. I think you can observe the results. . . . I think you can set short- and long-term goals. And you can sit back and see if it happens or i1 doesnt happen. The companys fundamental approach to performance management entails setting high expectations for both conduct and performance, which then become self-fulfilling, and giving people the freedom to do what they like to meet these expectations. John Boling, director of the educational technologies division, said: When Ive wanted to do research, Ive had the opportunity. When Ive wanted to travel, Ive had the opportunity. When Ive wanted to publish, Ive had the opportunity. Its been pretty much my taking the initiative. . . . We assume that you have talent, creativity, and initiative. You have to be able to take that and run with it. SAS Institute operates on the basis of trust. Violations of that trust are not sanctioned. The company, therefore, has no sick days or sick leave policy. Nor does it have a sick child care program. Jim Goodnight believes if a child is sick, it should be home with its mother or father. Commenting on the companys sick day policy and the issue of trust, David Russo said: We dont have sick days. If youre sick for six months, youre going to get flowers, youre going to get candy, youre going to get a lot of concern and a lot of visits. If youre sick for six or seven Mondays in a row, youre going to get gone. Its a simple thing. . . . Now, do we have free riders ? Absolutely, and guess who figures them out? Their peers. Management doesnt have to take care of that. They surface and they either get right or eventually . . . they get gone. Its just the way it is 11 Managers are evaluated principally on their ability to attract and retain talent. The company believes that in a business based on skill and know-how, if it can get and keep the best people, the rest will take of itself. Pay Practices SAS Institute provides none of its employees with stock options, phantom stock, performance shares, or similar schemes. Goodnight has referred to stock options as Ponzi schemes. The company does contribute to the maximum allowed by Internal Revenue Service regulation, 15 percent, to employees profit sharing (40lk) retirement plans. There is no matchingemployees do not have to contribute anything. SAS Institute has done this for more than twenty years, a record unmatched by any other company. A small bonus based partly on the companys financial performance, typically on the order of 5. percent to 8 percent, is paid at the end of the year. Base salaries are quite competitive with the industry and are adjusted annually, although people have taken pay cuts to work at SAS Institute because they value the work environment so highly. Salary increases are based on supervisors assessments of an individuals performance, so in that sense, there is a merit pay system. However, SAS Institute tries to deemphasize the importance of financial rewards because most SAS managers dont believe money is a very effective motivator. As David Russo put it, A raise is only a raise for thirty days. After that, its just somebodys salary. Its one thing not to emphasize financial rewards in software development and administration. But SAS Institute eschews the piece rate system even for its sales organization. Account representatives do not receive commissions on sales. Goodnight noted, commissions do not encourage an orientation toward taking the customer and building long-term relationships. Also, a commission culture tends to be more high pressure and high stress than what the leadership wants for their company. Barrett ]oyner, head of North American sales and marketing, described their philosophy and approach to achieving performance: We have sales targets, but mostly as a way of keeping score. I want to make the numbers, but I want to make the numbers the right wayâ⬠¦. Im not smart enough to invent on a formula. People are constantly finding holes in incentive plans. He commented that many companies used incentive systems a of signaling what was important, that is, as a communications device. Joyner said that instead of using incentive schemes for this purpose Here, we just tell people what we want them to do and what we expect. To further downplay individual short-term performance, SAS Institute does not even post comparative sales data by name. Some observers believe that this kind of pay system does not encourage the best people to join and remain in the organization. Instead, the thinking goes, these high-potential people will go to places where they can do better financially. The re is, of course, no way of definitively answering this concern. However, Barrett ]oyner had the following cor on this issue: As you know, we move people around a lot at the Institute, so even though we have low turnover, account representatives may change assignments. I frequently get calls from 12 customers that say, I dont want to lose my account executive. How many software firms do you know where that happens? Training, Career Development, and Mobility SAS Institute believes in training, but it is almost all internally done. New employees receive an orientation program from senior managers history of the company, its vision, and its values. New employees learn about the products, the organizational structure, the business model, and the customers. Long-time employees really enjoy and value helping with this socialization. A lot of technical training takes place. For instance, in a nine and a half month period in 1997, about 400 technical training seminars were held that had a total of 3,000 people in attendance. In the sales organization, new people receive two weeks of training in Cary, but the company is moving to a five to six-week program delivered over a six-month period to beef up sales training effort. SAS Institute does not offer tuition reimbursement for outside classes. Although it has sent people to outside management or leadership training programs on rare occasion, the emphasis is very much on doing things internally. SAS Institute tries to make it easy for people to move laterally ââ¬â there are no functional silos. As David Russo noted: There are no silos of research and development, there are no silos of marketing and sales, there are no silos of technical support. Everything is based on a tool kit. If your tool kit fits this divisions model for business and you want to do that, chances are pretty good youll get to do that. And if two years later you see something else you want to do and its across three organizational boundaries, you get to do thatâ⬠¦. In an intellectual capital organization like ours, the most important thing you can do is engage the individuals energy so that they can apply it to the thing that excites them most, their work. SAS Institute believes that people will have three or four careers during their working lives it would like for all of those careers to be within SAS Institute. The company has a very flat organizational structure. Depending on the particular division, there are only three or four levels in the company. Jim Goodnight has twenty-seven direct reports. He noted that my management style is to let people manage their own departments and divisions with as little interference from me as possible. The company structure is fairly informal, and the firm does not have a formal organization chart. One of the most important aspects of careers at SAS Institute every manager is a working manager-they do their own jobs as managing others. This model even extends to Goodnight, who spends about 40 percent of his time programming and leading product development teams. He noted, running a big company like this is pretty boring. Another dimension is the ability to move from an individual contributor role to a managerial role, and back, without penalty. A number of people have preferred less managerial responsibility and more programming activity, and this is possible. This practice is consistent with Russos previously cited philosophy of letting people do what theyre good at and what they want to do-and permitting them to discover what they like an d are good at by doing it. 13 As one might imagine in a company with a strong culture, fit is important in hiring, promotion, and retention decisions. SAS Institute wants people who are team players, not those who seek to stand out, to be particularly important, or to be treated like stars. Barret Joyner encourages people to think about what they really want out of their jobs and to be clear and direct about this. In considering this question, one former employee said, I want to be able to have performance that permits me to do whatever I want. When I walk down the hall, I want to feel like Im the man. ]oyner told this individual that this sounded like a wonderful goal and that he (Barrett) would him achieve it-at another organization. As David Russo has SAS Institute is not a good place for someone who wants to feel like a star feel or particularly important. At SAS Institute, everyone is important and the contributions of all are valued and recognized. Outsourcing and the Use of Temporary Help SAS has a simple policy with respect to the practice of using contract programmers supplied by so-called body shops (for instance, in India or Pakistan), a practice common in high technology, particularly the Silicon Valley. It doesnt use them. It also has a simple policy respect to contracting things out-it doesnt. SAS Institute used to have an outside public relations firm, but has now taken this back inside. SAS Institute does its own training; develops and prints its own materials, including marketing materials and product manuals; and even runs its own publishing organization that publishes books about the SAS program, including those written by outsiders. Why does it do this? Barrett Joyner said, If you want something done right, own it and control it. He noted that most companies contracted out activities in an effort to save on costs. They frequently got products or services that may have cost less, but were also of lesser quality. The question soon becomes, How little can one get away with? SAS Institute is not that focused on short-term costs in the first place, so cost savings are less critical. It is focused on doing things in a quality fashion, and it believes the best way to ensure quality is to manage the process internally. But why not contract out non-essential or non-core activities such as health care, day care, the food service, and so forth? The answer is actually quite simple: Those activities are viewed as being core at SAS Institute. If the company is organized around the attraction and retention of talent not through throwing money at people but by providing a good work environment, then activities involved in building that work environment are actually quite central to the companys operations. Many people at SAS comment on how other firms make poor decisions about what are and are not core activities and get themselves into trouble in the process of ostensibly saving money. 14 ANNEX EXCERPTS FROM THE 2009 SAS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT Source : sas. com/corporate/annual-report-current. pdf 15 Leadership and innOVaTiOn Our customers can count on us ââ¬â today and tomorrow. Our leadership is built on the combined strengths of our software, our domain expertise and more than 34 years of experience helping customers across organizations, industries and governments around the globe succeed. We listen to customers to understand their needs, and we give our employees the freedom to explore new ideas to address those needs. While our company continues to grow, we remain true to our long-standing goal of helping customers transform how their businesses work and sustain a culture of factbased decision making. Our business analytics framework provides customers with a flexible and straightforward path for achieving their key objectives and gaining maximum return from their information assets. Today, SAS is the worldââ¬â¢s largest privately held software company, with more than 11,000 employees and staffed offices in 55 countries. Together, we provide software and services to more than 45,000 sites in 119 countries. And the guiding principles that launched this company in 1976 are still the foundation of our growth and success: ? Commitment to customers. ? Appreciation of and dedication to employees. ? Adherence to the highest standards of quality and performance of our software. ? Continual innovation that creates lasting value. As the economy continues on its journey toward recovery, we pledge to maintain and enhance these principles, for they have proven their value in helping us achieve success since the companyââ¬â¢s inception in 1976 and will continue to do so for many years to come. For more than 34 years, SAS has given our customers THE POWER TO KNOWà ®. www. sas. com | annual report | 2009 Jim Goodnight, CEO and founder of SAS. LeTTer FrOm The CeO Our optimism and determination in the face of an uncertain economy paid off last year, and we finished 2009 ââ¬â our 34th consecutive year of growth ââ¬â with global revenues of US$2. 31 billion, up 2. 2 percent over 2008 results. Our revenue from software sales alone jumped 3. 3 percent at a time when the software revenue of other major vendors has been declining. Customers are ncreasingly turning to SASà ® solutions to maximize effective customer relations, more effectively manage operations and engage in better risk management. Software revenue was strong in several areas, including customer intelligence, credit risk, supply chain and text analytics, attesting that companies striving to survive in a down economy, and succeed in times of recovery and growth, need such solutions to answer complex business problems, spur innovation and enable success. Growth rates of our industry-based software solutions were highest in financial services, government, health care, insurance and retail. Strong sales to financial services firms demonstrates the confidence these companies have in our ability to help them solve intricate business issues and navigate changes in customer needs, business models and regulatory oversight. The public sector showed growing interest in using data as a key strategic asset for combating fraud, halting declining tax revenues, managing service levels and achieving greater transparency. And retailers turned to our software solutions to improve margins and counter the effects of sluggish consumer spending by taking into account regional, local and even storelevel buying preferences of their customers. IDC, Worldwide Business Intelligence Tools 2008 Vendor Shares, Doc # 218598, June 2009, www. sas. com/news/analysts/idc-ww-bi-tools-2008. pdf 2 www. sas. com/news/analysts/chartis-risk-0609. pdf 3 www. sas. com/news/analysts/chartis-credit-risk-0709. pdf 4 www. sas. com/news/analysts/chartis-risk-1109. pdf 5 Gartner Research, ââ¬Å"Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Marketing Management,â⬠by Kimberly Collins and Adam Sarner, July 15, 2009. See the full report at www. gartner. com/technology/media-products/reprints/sas/vol6/article2/article2. tml 6 Gartner Research, ââ¬Å"Magic Quadrant for Data Quality Tools,â⬠by Ted Friedman and Andreas Bitterer, June 9, 2009. See the full report at www. gartner. com/technology/media-products/reprints/dataflux/167657. html SAS is well-positioned to continue helping our customers succeed. Our strong commitment to research and development ââ¬â we reinvested 23 percent of revenue back into RD last year ââ¬â resulted in another year of prodigious innovation. We released 21 new products or bundles last year, including SAS 9. 2 platform Phase 2, which included classic SAS products as well as 87 usiness intelligence and data integration solutions. The capabilities of SAS software were again validated in 2009 by leading analyst firms. In June, IDC called SAS the ââ¬Å"overwhelming lead erâ⬠in advanced analytics,1 saying that enterprises choose SAS Analytics more often than the other 16 analytics suppliers combined. Chartis Research again named SAS as the leader in its Operational Risk Management Systems 2009 report in June. 2 SAS was also named as a leader in the firmââ¬â¢s July report, Credit Risk Management Systems 2009,3 and in November, SAS was ranked No. in the prestigious RiskTech100 rankings, an annual international listing of the top risk technology vendors. 4 Gartner positioned SAS in the Visionaries quadrant of the Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Marketing Management 5 and placed our DataFlux subsidiary in the Leaders quadrant of its Magic Quadrant for Data Quality Tools 6 in June. In September, the firm placed SAS in the Leaders quadrant of the Magic Quadrant for Operational Risk Management Software for Financial Services. 7 And in December, Gartner placed SAS and DataFlux in the Visionaries quadrant of the Magic Quadrant for Data Integration Too ls. www. sas. com | annual report | 2009 In November, Forrester Research gave SAS top rank for cost and profitability analysis and a top score in product strategy and vision. 9 And in December, Forrester ranked SAS Customer Intelligence No. 1 in optimization, analytics and reporting, and installed base. 10 SAS also had a strong showing in application usability, real-time analytics, budget management and forecasting, architecture and campaign design. Of the top 100 companies on the 2009 FORTUNE Global 500à ®, 92 are current SAS customers. And in the US, 80 percent of new commercial accounts were small and midsized businesses, showing that organizations with annual sales of less than $500 million also recognize the value of business analytics from SAS. In all, nearly 1,400 new customers around the world chose SAS. Customers new to SAS in 2009 included: Anglopharma, Bombay Stock Exchange, the Clorox Company of Canada Ltd. , Hong Kong Efficiency Unit, Fiat Automoveis, Lego Systems Inc. , Loyalty New Zealand, Niagara Health System, Dex One Corp. (formerly R. H. Donnelley), Telefonica, TV 2 AS (Norway), WestJet, Wet Seal Inc. , Wistron Corp. nd Vattenfall. Looking forward, we believe that 2010 will be another strong year for SAS. While economic recovery is under way in many parts of the world, it wonââ¬â¢t be quick and it wonââ¬â¢t be easy. Organizations will react by continuing to focus on improving customer-centricity, enhancing top-line revenue growth and optimizing their businesses in 2010. SAS is well-positioned to play a critical part in recovery efforts. By providing our customers with a business analytics framework that can grow over time, we empower them to meet both the demands of todayââ¬â¢s economy and the opportunities of tomorrow with: ? Data management capabilities that improve the flow of and access to information throughout organizations. ? Greater insights into data for making quick, meaningful decisions. ? Risk analysis and optimization solutions to save money. ? Customer intelligence and marketing automation to drive sustainable revenue growth. ? Social network analysis to uncover fraud and terrorist threats as well as business opportunities. Finally, as a debt-free global company, SAS offers our customers another valuable commodity: stability. We attribute this to our 34-year focus on listening to our customers and meeting their needs with robust, reliable and relevant products and services. SAS is poised for growth again in 2010. The momentum is greater than it has ever been for this company, and the future looks promising indeed. Sincerely, James H. Goodnight, PhD, CEO 2009 | annual report | www. sas. com 7 Gartner Research, ââ¬Å"Magic Quadrant for Operational Risk Management Software for Financial Services,â⬠by Douglas McKibben and David Furlonger, August 28, 2009. See the full report at www. gartner. om/technology/media-products/reprints/sas/vol6/article3/article3. html 8 Gartner Research. ââ¬Å"Magic Quadrant for Data Integration Toolsâ⬠by Ted Friedman, Mark A. Beyer and Eric Thoo, November 25, 2009. See the full report at www. gartner. com/technology/media-products/reprints/sas/vol6/article5/article5. html 9 The Forrester Wave: Business Performance Solutions, Q4 2009 report, www. sas. com/news/analysts /forresterwave-bus-perf-q409. pdf 10 The Forrester Wave: Cross-Channel Campaign Management Platforms, Q4 2009 report, www. sas. com/news/analysts/forresterwave-cm-104330-1209. pdf TabiLiTy and GrOwTh ââ¬â 34 years and COunTinG SAS achieved its 34th consecutive year of growth in 2009, with global revenue reaching US$2. 31 billion, up 2. 2 percent over 2008. SAS saw healthy sales growth in multiple industries. Sales to the retail industry increased by 12 percent, despite a very challenging environment for that sector. Sales to the health care industry were up by 8 percent. And sales to the oil and gas industry increased by more than 30 percent. Our growing network of alliance and channel partners played an integral role in 25 percent of new sales and half of the top 50 global deals. Specifically, there are strategic initiatives including partnerships with leading business consultancies and systems integrators, expansion of in-database activities across multiple partner platforms, and a continued focus on building third-party channels. Partnerships with global systems integrators such as Accenture, Capgemini, Deloitte and Wipro Technologies offer customers the specialized resources and expertise to deploy SAS Business Analytics throughout the enterprise. In addition, SAS continues to drive the momentum of in-database analytic innovation with technology partners such as Teradata and Netezza. Global Presence, Global success SASââ¬â¢ revenue growth remained distributed around the globe. The Americas accounted for 44 percent of total revenue; Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) contributed 45 percent; and 11 percent came from the Asia Pacific region. Of the 120 countries where SAS does business, 83 percent saw growth in software sales. Among mature markets, growth rates for software sales were highest in the US, the UK, Canada, Germany and the Netherlands. In developing markets, doubledigit percentage gains were achieved in most of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, South Africa and pockets of Asia and Latin America. Even in a challenging global economy, SAS did not waver in its commitment to our 11,000 employees and our core belief that happy, healthy employees are more productive. In 2009, SAS was again recognized as an employer of choice around the world. In the EMEA region, we received workplace awards for our offices in Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Portugal and Finland. In the Asia Pacific region, we received workplace awards in China, Australia and India. In the Americas, we were recognized in Canada and Mexico, and as this annual report was being roduced, we received notification that we ranked No. 1 on the FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For list in the US ââ¬â our 13th consecutive year on the list. www. sas. com | annual report | 2009 2009 reVenue revenue by region Americas 44% EMEA 45% Asia Pacific 11% Other 1% Health Care 2% Energies Utilities 3% Education 3% revenue by industry Financial Services 42% Retail 4% Life Sciences 6% Manufacturing 6% Communications 7% Services 1 1% revenue Growth 1976-2009 Government 15% 2009 | annual report | www. sas. com Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-48013184185144388702020-02-23T17:32:00.001-08:002020-02-23T17:32:02.464-08:00Entertainment in Antarctica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsEntertainment in Antarctica - Essay Example This detail ensures that scientists and workers actually look forward to their leisure time after completing a hard dayââ¬â¢s work. The general public is not aware of what goes on day to day at the Antarctic and how important entertainment is to these workers state of mind. Since it is such a barren continent there is not much interest to know about life on Antarctica from the general public. Scientifically Antarctica is very popular. Entertainment on Antarctica and its importance to the workers is a very interesting and illuminating topic. Throughout my discussion I will discuss and breakdown the foundation for entertainment amongst the inhabitants in Antarctica. This will be divided into four section; basics of time, seasons and weather, scientific study and job performance, psychology of inhabitants and importance of entertainment, and the available activities. An individual living in Antarctica can describe the season as follows, cold and colder. Seasons do not progress like the rest of the world due to the extreme weather conditions. Winter runs from April to October and summer April to August (this is an overlapping time frame, you need to fix this, summer cannot be in the middle of winter!). Temperatures vary depending on wind chill factor. Summer temperatures ranges from 40 degrees below zero to 36 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit. Winter temperatures vary from 150 degrees below zero to 40 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit. Four months out of the year consist of 24 hours of darkness. Another four months have 24 hours of daylight and the remaining months have a mixture of day and night. (Antarctica Online, 2006). Antarctica has been occupied since 1951, housing scientists in various fields. They study the wonders and mysteries of the extreme climate (List a couple of the current research fields) (Antarctica Online, 2006). Besides scientist there are many other occupations needed to make the station function on a day to day basis. The life on the Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-26052058208131167142020-02-09T07:24:00.001-08:002020-02-09T07:24:03.414-08:00Essay Topics - Controversial Essay Topics of The DayEssay Topics - Controversial Essay Topics of The DayPreparing an essay for school can be quite a challenge, with all the controversial essay topics of the last few years. Some topics have become so controversial that no one is going to have to worry about whether you wrote an honest piece of work or not. Another topic would be one that nobody will mind whether you wrote an honest piece of work or not. This brings up a whole new set of problems.Are you worried about being labeled as a liberal in this area? Are you worried about whether people will label you a racist for saying this video game is a perfect example of a game that creates violence and maims? No, I am not here to judge you. I just want to help you prepare an essay topic that will not have you concerned about the possible trouble that could come from writing an honest piece of work.There are several things that you can do to create an essay topic that will allow you to get away with something. First of all, you should know what is already expected from you in these topics. An example of this would be the topic about the First Amendment. If you write about this topic without knowing all of the facts, then it will be very easy for your essay to get denied by the administration.Secondly, the controversial topic may make you look like a terrible human being, but it won't make the administration see it that way. If they get a chance to review the essay, then they will not be willing to be lenient with you. So it's in your best interest to prepare a topic that they can use to deny you.The last thing that you should remember about an essay topic is that it is designed to let you do something, not to get you into trouble. When you have an assignment that has a lot of controversy involved in it, it is important to do the best that you can. Try to avoid being too direct about the subject matter. Allow your professor to see how your heart truly is. Keep it simple and honest, and you will do just fine.Time will take care of this problem for you. It will only take as long as it takes for you to make up your mind about the topic. Your professor may want to speak with you before giving you a call.Now that you know the rules of the road, it is time to choose your topic. Make sure that you prepare a topic that you are willing to take on. Your next assignment will be one that you can take back to your campus and pass on to your professors. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-49416499421449858792020-02-07T10:19:00.001-08:002020-02-07T10:19:02.224-08:003.How do you believe business and economic functions should interact Essay3.How do you believe business and economic functions should interact with society - Essay Example The government though does has a large role to play in assisting the businesses in fundamentals like acquisitions and profits, by assist what is meant here is that the government through its power to make rules and regulations defines how business would be conducted and that is a major role that the government has to perform. In situations quite contrary to the one mentioned before, the role of the government might be more than just being an administrative supervisor, the government can take upon it self to run the whole economy, it could nationalize all major industries and say that we know what is best for us and we will produce what we like, such is the nature of managed economies. We can now see that there is a close connection between the government and the running of the economy but there is a missing link in this chain i.e. the consumer. The consumer is perhaps one of the most important links in this chain because a consumer defines what is to be sold and what not in the marke t economy. The consumers through their purchasing power have the ability to dictate terms to the government, which in effect shape the rules and the regulations that are implemented within the society. Each and every entity has its own role to play in the society but it can never exist in complete solitude because of the high inter dependence on each other. The discussion and the argument on the three points raised will follow but an important point here is that even these three points will have some points interlinked with them and hence a detailed explanation for these intertwined terms should not be expected. In a free market society the governments role is the bare minimal, the consumer and the producers of the product decide what is going to be made, how it is going to be made and for whom it is going to be made. Through the forces of demand and supply the prices of the products are Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-70210817845227717832020-02-07T06:45:00.001-08:002020-02-07T06:45:03.334-08:00Possible Danger Signs on How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing You Should Know Possible Danger Signs on How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing You Should Know The Key to Successful How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing Obviously, anything you paraphrase or summarize must be accompanied by means of a citation. For instance, it's impractical to quote a whole page unless absolutely necessary since doing so will raise the period of your paper. You have to thoroughly read through each article that may contain some bit of information you want. So, the very first thing to do is discover an article from your school's library database and be sure it was published within the past couple of years. The Good, the Bad and How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing The way a particular algorithm works is set by the sort of summarization that the tool performs. Contemporary summarization tools are capable of delivering a good result irrespective of the text's complexity and the duration of summary you would like to get. On the flip si de, human-aided machine summarization techniques act in a reverse method. Correct all errors you can spot and enhance the general caliber of the paper to the best of your ability. Our payment scheme permits you to set the order in the most detailed version so the expert writers know what requirements they ought to meet for your very best result. A summarizer tool may still be an enormous help when you've got to examine material to get ready for a test or exam. So It is very important to limit the sum of source material copied while taking notes. In the event the practical considerations connected with your research ideas are unrealistic, you have to consider whether you're eager to modify or reconsider your undertaking. While trying to concentrate on the best way to compose a research paper without plagiarizing, it's crucial to become involved into a comprehensive research work. The thesis can really be the basis of research paper and then information would gather in the paper which could help to remain glued to the topic. Lets look at the way you can easily compose a last year research project which makes a distinction. Purchasing a research paper from an on-line store can be an extremely risky dealing that will be extremely dangerous. If you cannot pay a hundred dollars for a single page and you want a less expensive offer, there's a service which can satisfy your need. Students should receive their customer care research works early in order to submit them before the deadline. Most students fail since they don't get the customer care research works early and have zero opportunity to submit their work. The Death of How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing Benefit from your spare time, and find some writing done, and you'll be amazed by how much you accomplish. The truth is that you really present the job written by another individual, but it's not the same when you take a book and copy the text. Identify the key segments of the reading, where the writer develops one particular idea before continuing to the next. Make certain it's an article you understand, and be sure it's at least a small bit interesting to you. What About How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing? In the event you write all on your own, you ought to do a couple more things to be certain that you had the ability to summarize the article without plagiarizing. Otherwise, maybe you've just provided a summary rather than creating an argument. If you're summarizing a story, you have to be able to spot the significant characters and actions of the plot. Use quotation marks in case you can't do without a specific sentence. The Secret to How to Write a Research Paper Without Plagiarizing It's thus imperative for researchers to boost their understanding about plagiarism. Whether you're the curator of a web site or a student writing a research paper, one particular thing you ought to be mindful of is plagiarism. Likewise if you include info in your paper and mistakenly cite an incorrect source that is stil l another type of plagiarism. Don't forget that only citing your sources in an appropriate manner you are going to be able to make a fantastic paper utilizing all essential materials, meanwhile don't neglect to ask check my paper for plagiarism'' and take care of the proportion of your text's uniqueness high enough to make sure a high grade! Referencing and quoting different authors' works demonstrates that you aren't the original author of the content. Just take the critical points from several sites or books on this issue you're writing about. You should refer to a particular publication every single time you include ideas of different writers. To fetch superior marks in the paper, it is very important to produce the content presentable. You probably want an immediate chat with your writer. You can request their suggestions and opinions about your essay undertaking. Once you've got an opinion about a specific topic, it is going to be less difficult for you not plagiarize the facts. Finally, when you summarize, you ought not put in your thoughts about the post or essay, nor in case you add any opinions. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7595626224825050486.post-8206507216573768902020-02-05T11:07:00.001-08:002020-02-05T11:07:03.817-08:00Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample and How It Can Affect You Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample and How It Can Affect You If not a strict schedule ought to be followed in Senior calendar year. Very similar to competitions, there are many opportunities for students to acquire their work out there. In theory, you accomplish the best honors later in your high school career, hence the items at the surface of your list also needs to be the absolute most recent. What Does Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample Mean? Your college admissions essay is just one of the most significant portions of your college application. So, you ought to be quite careful and meticulous when writing a college application essay. A stellar college application essay is the most essential part of your application. How to compose an ideal college essay. Some colleges or universities supply you with a list of essay questions but in many instances, you are going to be given the chance to think up a fantastic essay question and topic by yourself and then write about doing it. Note thatsome schools need supplementary materials, like another essay or portfolio, as well as the simple information required by all schools. When you are finished, be certain to have your essay edited by somebody you trust or by an admissions essay editing services. Application essays are utilized to learn why you're enrolling for your favorite course. Writing your essay can be a lot simpler if you know what type of questions might be asked of you. Writing a college admissions essay is among the more challenging facets of the. Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample - the Story What's more, you might not get the wanted effects. Thus, a different approach to the method is. Obviously, among the most important elements of the application procedure to review and prioritize is deadlines. Taking the opportunity to craft a well-founded and intriguing hook is a bright investment for virtually any college applicant. There will be a number of things occurring in your life when preparing to enter university that you want to adhere to a schedule. Get knowledgeable about the application to obtain a notion of whatever you're likely to require. Especially once you know, it is likely to eat up much money. Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample To help you further, look at our set of Common App examples to observe how an excellent essay is structured. Our professional essay writers have the capability to give you quality application essay despite where you are or school of choice. The title of your essay is based on its content. Broadly speaking, the only time it's appropriate to mention a person's name in your essay is if it's vital to the info you're conveying. The FAFSA website has an effortless deadline calculator you may utilize. Financial aid information has t o be handled on the FAFSA. Making certain you use the appropriate info and sell yourself well is vital if you would like to take advantage of your. See below to learn more on these various varieties of deadline. The developer's role isn't to create an app. A lot of people can comprehend the text in a far greater way than graphics. You're the expert, which is the reason why it'll be a good deal less difficult for you to communicate what you would like to say. You cannot own a dream one day about a rocket ship and begin building it the next moment. By cheating, you admit to believing that you require somebody else to aid you get into the suitable school when, in reality, only the opposite is true. There is nothing more hooking that a question that interests plenty of individuals. For instance, you're a dancer since you use dance as a means to express with your body what you can't express to your vocal cords. Consider your audience. Ok, I Think I Understand Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample, Now Tell Me About Is the Common App Essay a Writing Sample! Different app growth projects face various forms of challenges. The Boondocks and the Symbolic Frontier If you get a good idea and you wish to be straightforward and introduce it immediately because it's unique, do what you would like. Brainstorm suggestions and see what arises. A fantastic hook is the one which has many distinct applications in 1 text. In all honesty, it's a significant accession. Travis also said an important feature of the extracurriculars secti on. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04583813532597567146noreply@blogger.com0