Models of Health for Obesity Intervention

Models of wellness for Obesity Intervention universePublic wellness has been a topic of g everywherenment debates. It is an change magnitude pop out that is provoking a lot of publicity. Strategies atomic enumerate 18 being implemented as well as policies in methodicalness to tackle the ever increasing problem of fleshiness which is clearly a public health issue. A case study from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2007) showed that the joined Kingdom has the extravagantlyest prevalence of obesity in Europe. Due to the NMC confidentiality clause in accordance with The Nursing and obstetrics Council (2008) Code of Conduct, nurses must respect the great unwasheds right to confidentiality. Therefore for the purpose of this screen the patients name has been changed and any personal or diagnosable information has also been altered so as to protect his silence and dignity.This essay aims to discuss and explore policies, biopsychosocial model and contri only whenion of therapies t o health and public assistance with reference to troy (see appendix 1)Public healthPublic health refers to the methods of preventing distemper, pro keen-sighteding liveliness and promoting health through organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals (WHO, 2013). It is bear on with threats to health establish on population health analysis. The population in question cigargontte be as small as a handful of people, or as large as all the inhabitants of the united Kingdom. The dimensions of health coffin nail encompass a state of complete physiologic, rational and social well-being and non merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 2013). Sim McKee (2011) suggest that Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary go aboutes of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. The stress of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through saloon and discussion of disease and former(a) physical and mental health conditions. This is d hotshot through surveillance of cases and health indicators, and through publicity of tidy behaviors. The range of public health interventions in order to seize on food related ill health is potentially considerable and this includes presenting on an individual basis, health education and promotion, composition regulation in food, hi-fi food information labels and produce traceability just to name a few. From 2004, the linked Kingdom has put together a number of initiatives that ar aimed at tacking obesity with recognition of the need for form _or_ system of government change as well as individual behavior change and personal view towards food.PolicyDue to the alarming statistics on obesity in the united Kingdom, the government has a policy to try and tackle the rising problem. accord to the Policy, figures show that 61.9% of adults and 28% of children climb ond between 2 and 15 argon backbreaking or obese. People who are overweight have a higher venture of getting typecastwrite 2 diabetes, heart disease and certain tidy sumcers (Department Of health, 2013). Excess weight can also make it more than than(prenominal) difficult for people to find and keep work, and it can motivate self-pride and mental health. This being the case of troy as he suffers from type 2 diabetes due to his weight, has mental health and has never found work. It is cost the Government 5million pounds to obesity related illnesses.The policy has an action plan to subvert these statistics by 2020. The government want people to eat and intoxication more healthily while being more active. It is giving people advice on a healthy diet and physical activity through the change4Life course of instruction. The programme encourages healthy life styles. The moto is Eat Well, Move More and Live weeklong. Change4Life is a society-wide movement that aims to prevent people from becoming overweight by encouraging t hem to eat better and move more. It is the marketing component of the Governments answer to the rise in obesity (Nhs, 2013).Improving labelling on food and drink will serve well people make healthy choices. The policy states that a trunk for labelling on the packages that makes it clear what is in food and drink, is important. The consistent system combines red, amber, green colour-coding and nutritional information to show how much to a faultthsome, saturated fat, brininess and sugar, and small calories are in food products. also encouraging businesses on the high street to include calorie information on their menus so that people can make healthy choices. By giving people direction on how much physical activity they should be doing, the policy seeks to uphold individuals as well as professional to understand how to reduce the risk of ill health associated with inactivity and sedentary behaviors.As much as it is an individuals choice on when and what they eat, the governm ent want businesses to take responsibilities of the products that they are selling by making it easier for everyone make healthier choices for both staff and customers. The Responsibility Deal has 4 networks include alcohol, food, health at work and physical activity which all have collective pledges that businesses are wind to sign up to. The actions to helper people eat more healthily include reducing ingredients like coarseness, sugar and fat that can be harmful if people eat too much of them. Also encourage people to eat more output and vegetable to help reach their 5 A DAY. Lastly putting calorie information on menus and helping people to eat fewer calories by ever-changing the portion size or the recipe of a product (Department Of Health, 2013). The policy asks the local councils to get involved in combating obesity and encourage healthier lives by making sure that the right services are in place. An example of this is recreational areas in the neighborhoods have outdoor gym facilities.Biopsychosocial modelBiopsychosocial model, traditionally considered appropriate with regards to obesity, as all elements of the model are relevant. This model shows disease arising from the overlap of components. In applying this model to obesity research, biological systems are viewed in isolation, not taking into account their interaction with the environment and behaviours until one is obese. There are several factors that could lead one to be overweight or obese and the biopsychosocial model can be employ to understand these factors. One of them is biological factors which include genetic susceptibility, incrementd number of adipose cells formed during childhood, hormonal imbalance such thyroxine produced be the thyroid gland, and several more (Marieb Hoehn, 2010).Although strides have been made exploring the pathophysiology of obesity, treatment and prevention have focused mainly on two components, the psychological and the social. The psychological positio ns include feeding behaviours, activity habits and health sureness or knowledge. Troy suffers from natural depression this could be a factor to consider as a reason why he is obese.Taylor (2012) recognises that people that eat while gloomy or stressed are more likely to consume sweetness and high-fat foods. Troy has accustomed himself to bad eating behaviour. Most take off food have high volumes of sugar, fat and salt, which are triggers of weight pee-pee. He may not be aware of the implications of his weight increase. As a student nurse, I feel talking to Troy and making him aware of his weight problems may be ideal. Giving him healthier options when he asks me order him a take away and advising him to eat more of the reduced sugar, fat and salt food. Troy has a high craving for sweet effervescent drinks, telling him of the alternative drinks such as sugar free or sweeteners would be ideal thus empowering him to make a choice.The social aspect of the model include socioecon omic, neighbourhood, schools and food policy. When it comes to obesity there are a great variety of social variables that contribute to one being overweight and obese. For instant today we are bombarded with advertisements for fast food restaurants and high calorie pre-packaged foods or microwave food. The media plays a big role in changing our emplacement and behaviour toward food by using persuasive messages and images. A study by Taylor (2012) shows that socioeconomic factors contribute to ones attitude towards food. The study revealed that that people of low socioeconomic status head for the hills to be more overweight than people with high socioeconomic status. An expla state of matter for this could be the fact that food that contain high-fat and bordered foods are cheaper than nutritious and saucily foods such as vegetables and fish. Troy lives in poor estate and relies on the benefit system for his income. This in not much so he tend to buy the cheaper and faster foods. Also social and family interaction could affect one to become obese as eating habits can be influence by others around the house. Other social factors could be educational level, employment and cultural influences. Advising Troy tocook his own meals when his at home and educating him on the difference between fresh cooked meals that contain low fat, sugar and salt versus Fast food would be in his best interest. He lives solely so giving himself more time outdoors and engaging in activities, like going out for walks or even light cypher as a starting point. cause the reasons for obesity is important but more important is to find ways to stop and prevent it. Health promotion is any effort that encourages people to engage in healthy behaviours such having a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005).behavioural treatmentBehavioral treatment is an approach used to help individuals develop a set of skills to achieve a healthier weight. This treatmen t is used in people who suffer from eating disorders and those who are overweight or obese. It does more than helping people to find what to change but also helps them identify how to change. The behavior change process is facilitated through the use of self-monitoring, destruction setting, and problem solving. Studies suggest that behavioral treatment produces weight loss of 810% during the first 6 months of treatment. incorporated approaches such as meal replacements and food provision have been shown to increase the magnitude of weight loss (Foster, 2002). Stuart (1967) suggests that behavioral treatment of obesity substantial from the belief that obesity is the result of maladaptive eating and exercise habits, which could be corrected by the application of learning principles.Behavioral treatment is found primarily on principles of classical conditioning, which suggest that eating is often prompted by antecedent events, for example cues, that become strongly linked to food intake. jibe to Brownell (2000) Behavioral treatment helps patients identify cues that trigger inappropriate eating behaviors and help them learn new responses to these cues. Treatment also seeks to reinforce the adoption of convinced(p) eating behaviors. This treatment also incorporates cognitive therapy due to the fact that, in cognitive therapy ones thoughts or cognitions directly affect feelings and behaviors (Beck, 1976). Negative thoughts are preponderantly associated with negative outcomes. When one over indulges in food and they are dieting, they tend to think they have messed up their dieting schedule therefore act up to eat even more secondary to feelings of failure and hopelessness. Beck (1976) in his rule book on Cognitive Behavior therapy mentions that cognitive therapy patients learn to set existent goals for weight and behavior change, enabling them to realistically evaluate their progress in modifying eating and activity habits, and to correct negative thoughts that occur when they do not meet their goals. Fairburn, C.G, Wilson G.T. (1993) agree with Beck (1967) that Cognitive interventions for weight counseling are based on those developed for the treatments of depression, anxiety, and bulimia nervosa. Programmes such as Weight Watchers can be incorporated in Behavioral Therapy as Weight Watchers meetings promotes goal setting and advices on low calorie food intake.ConclusionArguably, although the policy set by Department of Health on obesity seeks to promote programmes like change4 life which supports eating five vegetable or take a day, it does not completely tackle the issue of affordability. Fresh vegetable, fruit and fish is expense meaning those who have low income cannot afford these foods. It thusly means it comes back to the fact of them not affording the healthier food so they opt for cheaper processed food. A lot of literature that has been written on the subject matter, obesity, is from the fall in States of America becau se they are a nation who are also trying to tackle obesity. They have much a big issue of obesity and I believe as a nation we can learn a lot from them.In the case of Troy, Behavioral therapy would be ideal as it involves cognitive therapy, so he can talk about his problem and set realistic goals for himself helping and upward(a) his quality of life. The best interventions have been in the fields of dietary management and behavioural change.APA ReferenceAllen, N. B., Lewinsohn, P., and Seeley J.R. (1998). Prenatal and perinatal influences on risk for psychological medicine in childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychopathology. New York, United States of America Guilford takeBeck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York, United States of America International Universities Press.Brownell, K.D. (2000). The name program for weight management 2000. Dallas, United States of America American Health Publishers Co.Department of Health. (2013). Policies . Retrieved from https//www.gov.uk/government/policies/reducing-obesity-and-improving-dietDilts, S. L. (2012). Models of mind A framework for Biopsychosocial Psychiatry. East Sussex, United Kingdom Routledge.Donatelle, R.J. (2008).Access to health(10the.d.).San Francisco,Canada Pearson genus Benzoin Cummings.Fairburn, C.G, Wilson G.T. (1993). Binge eating nature, assessment and treatment. New York, United States of America Guilford Press.Foster, G.D. (2002). Goals and strategies to improve behavior-change effectiveness. Philadelphia, United States Of America Hanley Belfus.Health Promotion strategical Framework. (2014). Health promotion. Retrieved from http//www.healthpromotion.ie/hp-files/docs/HPSF_HSE.pdf Heim, C., Newporr, J., Heit, S., Graham, Y. P., Wucox, M., Bonsall, R., Miller, A. H., and Nemeroff, C. B. (2000). Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. Journal of American Medical Association, 284, 592-97Mari eb, E.N. Hoehn K. (2010).Human anatomy physiology(8th e.d.).San Francisco,America Pearson Benjamin Cummings.Nhs. (2013). Change for life. Retrieved from http//www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/change-for- life.aspxNuffield council on Bioethics. (2007). Public Health, Ethical Issues. Retrieved from http//www.nuffieldbioethics.org/public-healthSchneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., Coutts, L. M. (Eds.). (2005).Applied social psychology Understanding and addressing social and practical problems.Thousand Oaks,CanadaSage PublicationsStuart, R.B. (1967). Behavioral control of overeating. Basel, Switazland Reinhardt Druck.Taylor, S.E. (2012).Health Psychology(8th ed.).New York,United States of America McGraw-Hill instauration Health Organisation. (2013). Obesity. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/Appendix 1During one of my placements in a hospital situated in the North of England, a modern Troy man aged 24 was admitted to Psychiatric intense Care Unit (PICU) presenting with Psychotic episode and hallucinations. He lives alone in a one bed council flat, has never worked and receives Benefits. He has a long history of drug and alcohol misuse, although he has been drug free for over 6 months. Troy weighs 26 stone and has been known to the service for self-harming and depression from the age of 14. As his treatment has progressed, it has become clear to me that he has other issues like bad eating habits. His mother from a very young age, feed Troy with a lot of fast food as she herself suffered from Clinical depression. They lived in a poor estate up the age of 8 when he was put into care because his mother was unable to escape and neglected him and his siblings. He has very little contact with his family except his grandparents who on a regular basis visit him. Now at his later stage in life, Troy likes to eat take away and drinks a lot of sugary fizzy drinks.His weight has become an issue on the ward as he has found the single beds too small and he complained of the blankets being too small. The consultant had been concerned about his weight and suggested that some of the psychotic music he is taking may be contributing to his weight gain as they tend to trigger a lot of cravings. He has diagnosed with type 2 diabetes while admitted on the ward.http//psychrights.org/research/Digest/NLPs/Seroquel/SeroquelMedicalStudies/Gen.%20Cause%20Resp.%20Ex%2010.pdf