Alaskan Airlines †Strategic Choice and Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Alaskan Airlines Strategic Choice and Evaluation EssayRecognizing an organizations alternatives for growing is an important process for companies. By evaluating and selecting the competitive advantages within a market a company hobo distinguish themselves from their competition. For an organization the towering strategies indicate the time period all over which long-range objectives are to be achieved. Thus, a grand system can be defined as a comprehensive common approach that guides a firms major actions (Pearce Robinson, 2011). Alaskan Airlines is a company that is known for their innovations and loss leaders within in the melodic line industry. Alaskan Airlines is easily identifiable because of the smiling Eskimo on the tail of their aircraft. Their leaders and innovations in technology have seen them be the first to sell tickets online and allow guests to check-in and print boarding passes via the lucre. Alaskan Airlines has alike innovated technologies to allo w for safer air travels in inclement weather conditions. In the aviation market, Alaskan Airlines must focus on how to maintain their status as the air crew cut with the next propagation technology and low cost airfares. As air carriers compete for the consumer dollar Alaskan Airlines must strategically execute growth strategies.Generic StrategyAlaskan Airlines is known for its high standard of guest profit and industry innovation. The company sustains market leadership by leveraging generic strategy. Alaskan Airlines managed the generic strategy in all the three areas, which includes 1. Low-cost Leadership Alaska Airlines must be able to purpose affordable through low overhead and high productivity to compete with low-fare competitors. This will enable the company to offer an exceptional quality inspection and repair at competitive prices compared to the competitors. 2. Differentiation Alaskan Airlines has remained a leader in the customer benefit industry by revolutioni zing the serve offered to the customer. Alaskan Airlines in the only air carrier that offers a Baggage Service Guarantee that states that the customer will receive their bags within 20 proceedings of parking at the gate. If the Alaskan Airlines goes over the 20 minutes the customer will receive a 20-dollar discount code for on future flights.3. Focus One of the major focuses of Alaskan Airlines is their customer service value and the company uses that to bugger off success. Alaskan Airlines k rude(a) customer service was important to customers and strove to deliver world-class service. The consumers deficiency great customer service, which is safe, and at a competitive price. The accomplishments of Alaskan Airlines are ascribed to strategic plans applied to generate the culture and service offered. The best direction for the grand strategy of Alaskan Airlines is to implement product festering and innovation. Alaskan Airlines has established firm customers based on their quali ty of service and value. It is a trusted dishonor that thrives in customer service, safety, and value. The goal of this strategy is to continue the success of the outstanding service and innovations in aviation technologies. Innovation through product development involves the substantial modification of existing products or the creation of new but related products that can be marketed to authentic customers through established channels (Pearce, 2011, p. 193). Innovation is some other grand strategy used throughout Alaskan Airlines.A recent example of Alaskan Airlines implementing this strategy is, in conjunction with the FAA, working to implement quieter, more fuel-efficient arrival routes into Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. The routes use satellite-based technology, namely undeniable Navigation Performance (RNP) and Optimized Profile Descenttwo key pieces of the FAAs NextGen air traffic focussing system (Alaska Air, 2012, pg. 3). Attaining the long-term business goals f or Alaskan Airlines has been focused in increasing the quality of the flying customer cognize. Alaskan Airlines consistently strives to nominate the best customer experience to the consumer through consumer feedback.Alaska Airlines was the first airlines to use Internet technologies to enhance the customer service experience through their online check-in and ability to print boarding passes. The grand strategy is delivered through a final marketing strategy Alaskan Airlines currently services over 60 cities and three countries, has a pro-active program in place to reduce emissions from jet engines, an extensive recycle program at facilities and is developing/using technologies to fly more economical routes. Recently Colgan Air unconquerable not fly offer service from Presque to Logan International, PenAir a partner of Alaskan Air decided to provide the service at a $115 round trip. This gives Alaskan Airlines the ability to provide customers with outstanding service while becomin g a better global citizen.RecommendationAlaskan Airlines, through the leadership of fix Tilden, has been able to provide renowned customer service within in the industry and has been a leader in the innovation of technologies that can be used for the betterment of the aviation industry. The recommendation is to follow the current business model of customer service to preserve the customer positive customer experience. Alaskan Airlines should also focus on the environmental portion of the aviation industry by using more kelvin practices such and wind farms, more robust recycling programs and using more fuel-efficient aircraft and bio-fuel. Alaskan Airlines has very loyal patronage and through the expansion of new routes and more cities, more consumers will be able to experience flying on Alaskan Airlines.ConclusionAlaskan Airlines must build upon an already successful customer service program, continued improvement to the fleet of aircraft and to furthering the technologies used wi thin the aviation industry.ReferencesLynds, J. (2012, Jun 15). Alaskan Airline debuts services in Presque Isle. Bangor Daily News. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1020684161?accountid=35812 Pearce, J. A., II, Robinson, R. B. (2011). Strategic Management Formulation, Implementation, and Control (12th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

How health care has changed Essay Example for Free

How health c be has limitingd hearWith about 10 years of experience, as a secretary, in health care industry, Ive noticed a multitude of departs within the medical field. On many levels, the medical system has alterationd, from paper charts to computerized patient files, the stylus prescriptions are handled and distributed, to file and/or medical documentation even the paging method has found its set in a new technical era. Email, and employee intranet, has made communication between employers and employees, department to department, even employee to employee practically easier and effective. The only thing that hasnt made too a great deal of a noticeable change is the employee prison term clock, and even that has managed to find itself an upgrade. Nonetheless, a host of inevitable changes, given the social status of technology, and the best usefulness available by healthcare standards and expectations, its easy to consume where the future of healthcare and technology lie. prone the past 10 years, technology has gained its own credit in the advancement of the medical industry. Robots have arrive the gateway to a better healthcare. I feel that within the next 10 years, well begin to see a great deal of technical influence. In a field, where there are already advancements in technology, and its uses, it is fair to say that we could gradually become an almost hands free industry.Medical advancements, in general, appear to have been primarily in the use of technology, and/or going green. Therefore the next 10 years, may still prove to be a breeze for the development of a relationship between medicate and technology. Even from my position, the change has been constant and obvious. Having been a secretary, since high school, I am currently in by-line of my associates in medical administrations. My contribution to the industry has always come through my capabilities with a computer, and over the phone. Staying technically savvy, certainly is carr ying its perks in weight with me. Within my experience, the secretary is the go to individual to get nearlything to work good y, or for better understanding of a technical meltdown, and if not the person to fix it, certainly the person to find the one who batch. From nurses, doctors, patients, and parents, the secretary is the most knowledgeable resource, with a friendly face.As secretaries, we practically apply the key within the medical field. Always there to offer a helping hand, we operate rat the scene in some cases, having my own experience of pulling off many last legal proceeding miracles. In medical terms, were essentially the central nervous systems of any and many departments operations. Though, now, beingness on my path to higher learning, in addition to, my contributions are becoming much greater, and giving my future the burn down to go much further. Like many jobs, the growth of change is inevitable, so to make sure this change is effective insuring that empl oyees are kept up to date with the latest in changes, adjustments, and updates is key. Having worked within the healthcare industry, Im aware of the time and efforts invested into insuring that their employees are knowledgeable and capable of managing through company changes.Ive had the opportunity to take a course or two, in order to insure Im working(a) at my fullest potent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) courses, to employee safety/self defense classes, system political platform changes, and new program usage. With my efforts, and the aid of my employers, my skills will remain polished and productive. Putting forth my best efforts and keeping the thirst for being successful in all my endeavors, along with the assistance provided through my employer I will always be able and capable to perform all duties expected of me. With the growth of the medical industry, its employees have to be capable and reliable. Furthermore, within this growth, my perceptions havent changed, mor e theyve evolved. The time within my courses have given me the opportunity to search and better understand the work and efforts that go into running a successful medical establishment.Watching the change over the past decade, leaves me no choice, and certainly gives me the advantage at being a passing filmable candidate within my position. Growing with the industry, as a secretary Ive learned so much, and watched a lot change for the better. In turn, my perceptions remain optimistic about the direction myself and healthcare or headed in. In a nutshell, any perception of an ever changing industry is certain to change. In any case, healthcare is changing for the better and the sake of providing the best, quickest, most effective ways to treatment and cure. In a sense, this change is creating a glimpse in the future of healthcare along with its and human longevity. With the healthcare industry victorious on the demands of a modern day society, technology has a great deal to do with its future. engine room is set to play such a huge role in the development of healthcare. With the demands on the healthcare industry to offer the most effective methods of diagnosis, and treatments, along with healing time, the approach to technical advances are highly beneficial. Androids that perform, and aid in performing surgeries, the development in medical equipment and their advances/upgrades, the renewal of how patient charts are stored are all evolving, along with many more aspects of the medical industry.Leaving such a wide change of development in just about every department, looking into the next 10 years of medicament vs. technology, the combinations are endless and sure to be exceptional. Though, with any development and need for change, theres a cost to be paid. Given the state of a slowly stabilizing economy, the future of all the developments depends on the availability of funds, and people in need of care. Though, very beneficial, the cost of accurate medical at tention can come at a higher cost, and at a time when finances are scarious and rising, some are unable to afford the best in healthcare. With the benefits of insurance, there is still only so much that can be covered.

The marketing strategy of business network transformation

The marketing dodge of commercial enterprise enterprise communicate transformationBy definition, crease Net do work Transformation (BNT) is a marketing strategy in which companies impart adopt a dissimilar path which normally companies would follow in order to be more than competitive in this dynamic logical argument world. The two major phenomenons that atomic number 18 most classical from any confederations perspective would be faster expert innovation with respect to products serve wells and being a reliable supplier.Extension mould Companies adopt the extension homunculus to spread out their argument to gain new piece of business with change magnitude demand.The following atomic number 18 the important aspects of Business Network Transformation Value proposition It is important to explicit the geek of products or run the company provide to its clients. Moreover, it gives a unique shelter among a business and prospects of the business. It is also a strategic summation which forms a basis for Market and its strategy , Business Planning , Partner and competitors strategy , operations, Customer assistance and Pricing .Customer Interface scar customer This describes how the customer segments are targeted to achieve a pro tickable growth.Distribution channel This describes how the product reaches the customer by various routes.Relationship This explains how the firm is linked with the customer by dint of its various customer segments. groundwork Management Value configuration It specifies the way in which the various activities and resources of the business are arranged snapper competency This defines how the core competencies inevitable in a business model are executed.Partner network This describes how to collaborate with business partners to harvest the benefit out of it.Normal way of running a business is to extract value from companys network which is a tangible asset that bridges the enterprise and consumers in legal injury of i ts connectivity capabilities. However, as explained in the definition, now the companys started adopting different way of doing their business by adopting different models whereby value is extracted from nonphysical assets like e-commerce initiatives, targeted advertising that pull up stakes eventually obtain service fees from performed works or commissions. This methodology of obtaining value from intangible asset assets will certainly outperform tangible asset - found connectivity revenue conjurements.The two terms, Present Mode of process (PMO) and Future Mode of effect (FMO) are so vital in current business world. What is required from enterprise point of view is to imbibe additional business models which will a best fit for enterprises Future mode of operation that leads to increase in revenue growth of the company and reduction in companies operational expenses by measuring the intangible assets of the business.Alcatel-lucent, a Tele- communication service provider co mpany has been interpreted as an example.The company has invested in new IP, IPTV and IMS technologies in order to compete with separate service providers who arrive at expanded their network to convergency of voice, entropy and video serve across fixed, wireless(prenominal) and satellite networks.In order to sustain in the competition, some of the service providers are making their current work less expensive, faster and better.Forming new Business Transformation Strategies are inevitable in current business scenario. However, on that point exist some inhibitions in the minds of service providers that these rapid changes in the business model might tump over current business models revenue. It has been estimated that voice and data subscription services contributes 80% of current revenue.It could be seen that a level of saturation is reached for the traditional model. Due to this saturation limit , the company Alcatel-Lucent decided has decided to go in for the advanced bus iness model not only withstanding to allow the service providers to tap new revenue but to distinguish themselves from competitors by subscription-based businesses.Service providers have to perform critical assessment of Tangible and intangible assets within the legal boundaries in order to evaluate current business model.Return on enthronisation (ROI) is a main focal point for the service providers which tin be achieved by tactical assets interchangeReal-world Business Model InnovationsDue to market demand in communication sedulousness there is increasing pressure from service providers to adopt new business models in order to penetrate through the exist market.The following are Business models in the stadiums of innovationSponspered communicationsM-bankingBroadband residential district CentresHosted PlatformsWholesalingOutsourcingAsset-sharing issue Aggregation and BrokeringTargeted AdvertisingUGC and CommunitiesFulfilmentE-Commerce and m-CommerceSponsored CommunicationsAdv ertising through funded calls is one of the important innovations in the field of Telecommunication. There is appreciable change foreseen while comparing the conventional subscription model. Sort of incentives in the form of more talk time and paying lesser are the added benefits extended to the lend oneselfrs if they accept to receive advertisement messages. ab initio this methodology was put in to use by a UK Based company who manages to offer these sorts of benefits to targeted customers in the age group between sixteen to twenty four year of people, eventually this come up has yielded a reduction in end user access tolls to a range between 20 to 50 %M-banking Due to various socio-economical reasons , it can be seen that in most of the countries may not be having basic banking service to its people , on contrary using liquid faculty is so greens in most of the countries . It would be rather difficult and rather expensive to manage transactions for in particular for those having smaller accounts through the existing banking system due to inadequate number of branches exist in nations where existence explosion is on the drive, especially in the rural areas. These shortcomings can be addressed through the M-banking which uses mobile applied science.The technological advancement rather the strategy in the Mobile industry is to develop Mobile pre-paid pay engines that manage real time small transactions by the use of SMS (Short Message Service) which is really a less expensive measure to the Mobile users.This service of Mobile banking has been very successful in umteen countries especially in growing countries like India and China. A classic example can be quoted from a leading service provider of Telecom situated in Philippines , named as Global Telecom, who introduced a service called G-Cash service which has got electronic valet facility through which the user can send and receive electronically and payments can be made through short message texting . Due to its easiness in use it has been predicted by World Resource Institute that due to its demand, with in 5 years Mobile banking services will be extended to billion customers.Broadband Community Centres Singapore is one of the typical examples for this feature. Community centres provide net income facility to its residents there by offering services like e -government levy payment, application forms, etc . In some countries like Australia, Broad band community centres assume the roles of Bank branches or government agents. Basically these centres serve the residents as a platform in which more industries and social memorial tablets have a greater reach to the people, which become a cost effective measure for the people as well.Hosted Platforms This lift is implemented by Alcatel-Lucent company in an African country Senegal where it hosted a mobile data centre where the service providers from four other parts of the world make use of it by providing GPRS (General b ig money Radio Service) applications that run at a speed of 115 kb/s. Due to this service facility it becomes possible for the service providers are able to provide services to the end user at overmuch shorter time period of 3 months. The main advantage in this business model can be seen from the fact that the service providers those who are in this need to pay to the host company Alcatel-Lucent as and when they use the platform. This is indeed a real benefit for countries which are under developed like Africa where the country may not sufficient users to attract Telecom companies to invest on stand-alone platforms to deliver advance services in the arena of Telecommunication in an efficient and cost effective way.Wholesaling This type of get down is followed generally in the developing countries where the network operator resells excess net work capacity to a sell service provider VNO (Virtual Network operator) who in turn offer services to consumers or commercial institutionsO utsourcing This approach becomes more common in most of the countries. Day to twenty-four hour period work functions and managing the resources will be precondition to an external supplier. The business functions that will be offered will be diverged in nature. The external supplier will take care of related work functions of Data storage, financial accounting, Supply Chain management and HR functions like pay roll etc . The major advantage of outsourcing lies on the reduction in the total cost of ownership and extending timely service to the consumersAsset-sharing The main advantage of this model is sharing overlapping tangible assets between services providers operate same networks in order to eliminate infrastructures that are overlapping among them. Due to this asset -sharing model the service providers can expand the area of coverage and reduce impact on purlieu to a greater extend.This approach again reduces the total cost of ownership and more innovative services can be pr ovided to their consumers.Content Aggregation and Brokering The main driver for this business model approach is the purpose of UGC ( user-generated content) and premium content. The user can directly purchase copy righted multimedia files through video-on-demand and pay-per-view models. What is important in this model is to ensure the integrity of the content that is purchased by the user by adopting digital rights management technology to verify the authenticity of the content.Targeted AdvertisingThis type of model encompasses interactive connection between people and the type of brands they are looking for through multimedia screens like TV, Mobile and Computer etc Due to the current technological advancements, these multimedia sectors become the essential revenue generating opportunities for the service providers.Premiums paid by the advertisers in this multimedia will add on to the revenue growth to the service provider which is quite substantiated.UGC and Communities This mod el is growing day by day in the field of communication. The examples for this model are social network sites like spirit book. MySpace, people information sites like TripAdvisor and YouTube. In these user is allowed to generate multimedia content which is distributed instantaneously to the other users. Once the content is created in these applications it can be amended, rated and commented by many group of users.The following are the common types of UGC that includes new sites, Photo sharing sites, service review sites, trip planners, social network sites, boards, blogs and gamming sites.In this concept, forums are used as the platform to share the users knowledge, meet on a tallnessic of interest. The industry which has reaped the benefits out of this model is the broadcasting industry which has gained momentum due to persistent consumer interaction and better service orientation. Another mile stone in this model is getting the users feedback directly by introducing the option o f select via internet or mobile device so that pulse of the user is measured instantaneously.Fulfilment This model ties the service provider and the user in terms of billing relationship leverage once the transaction is completed and service is delivered to the end user on third parties behalf. A typical example would be downloading a music album to mobile phone via internetE-Commerce and m-Commerce This model envisages an electronic transaction in terms of buying and selling operations in the mobile services.The following electronic transactions are the typical examples for this model, consumers can use the wireless network infrastructure for Internet banking electronic funds transfers, Internet Marketing, SCM (Supply Chain Management), on line trading and electronic data interchangeM-Commerce provides the end user an chance to pay for goods purchased using their mobile device. In other words, mobile phones are considered to be Virtual opinion Card with the usual securities in p lace to avoid tampering in any sort.It can be inferred from the above business model that the main drivers are reduce operational cost and increase top-line revenue. all of the above action will lead to increase in business margin.Consultative Approach to Business TransformationIt is also a newer approach being followed by Alcatel-Lucent to its service providers there by suggesting a right strategic direction by developing a structured and consultative frame work in the form of simple processStep 1 Identifying our customers PMO.Step 2 Understanding the customers top priorities and objectivesStep 3 Identifying the customers intended FMOStep 4 Identifying the appropriate products, services and solutionsIt is anticipated for a adversity if the steps are not followed which may lead to negative impact to the business results in a increase in the cost and decrease in the revenues and low margins. Failure to do so can result in negative consequences in the form of a negative spiral of growing be and flattening or decreasing revenues and margins.The real transformation of PMO to FMO will happen after the service providers breathing out through a transition phase in which the cost for operations will certainly increase due to deployment of new IP based system in terms of legal maintenance .Comprehensive approach to transformation has yielded good result for the enterprise.Strategic Impact AnalysisThe company Alcatel-Lucent has worked with both kinds of operators the modernizers and the comprehensive business transformers. . Not with standing to the fact that both operators yielded good result , however their strategies will be different . The operator Modernizers gives at most importance to technical details with tactical execution, where as the another operators stress is on emerging business needs and implementing strategic objectives .Creating ConvergenceThe challenges are growing as the technology grows, hence the strategies being adopted by the enterpr ises and service providers should take a realistic and feasible approach in order to move forward with the transformation initiatives that nurtures Consumer relation and profitable growth . Hence creating convergence becomes so vital on the current business environment..The following layers should be bounded together in order to bring IT and network environments connected at each and every layer of the networkUser exposureBusiness processService abstractionApplicationPhysical / Technical baseIt is not expected to have one-size-fits-all approach to transformation, however it is imperative to have each transformation initiative evaluated based on respective strategic direction thereby assessed according to its own characteristics and further tailored to edge the need .In this context what is more important is to have clear understanding of Present Mode of Operation (PMO) and to develop strategies to reach required Future Mode of Operation (FMO).Ensuring successful transformation also representation finding a knowledgeable, committed network integrator partner that can act as a trusted adviser every step of the way. The best partner brings expertise and experience in IT and networks, as well as a comprehensive services methodology built on best practices and experience to mitigate risk, minimize complexity, capture new revenue, reduce costs, and position organizations to reap the business transformation benefits going forward.Today, the service provider delivers traditional voice and data services while introducing new, innovative media and entertainment offerings that generate new streams of revenue over a common network infrastructure. In addition, the service provider is reaping liberal advantage from Alcatel-Lucents field-proven solutions and integration expertise, enabling the provider to meet its strategic network and business transformation goals as well as commercial and operational objectives.ConclusionIt can be seen from the strategies implemented by the company Alcatel-Lucent clearly exemplifies that business growth was seen by Business coordination, adopting network transformation and extending customer services.It is imperative that the organization and the service providers should start adopting non-traditional ways to monetize their intangible assets e.g. community, location and billing relationship that could be influenced to enhance Consumers trust and confidenceThe strategies adopted by their service providers determine the emerging demands and define key business drivers that will lead to transformation.Furthermore, these strategies pave path way for a market winning situation by adopting new technologies

Application On Blood Donation Using Android Platform

Application On Blood Donation Using humanoid PlatformAndroid motives hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than xcl countries around the world. Its the largest installed base of any mobile course of study and growing fast-every day another million users power up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games, and other digital content.Android gives you a world-class platform for creating apps and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for distributing to them instantly.Android is revolutionizing the world(prenominal) cell phone market. Its the first open source mobile coating platform.Android is a Linux embed operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as happy phones and tablet computers ,which Google backed financially and later brought in 2005, in collaboration with the open handset alliance. Android is an open source market where user pot develop any application and get it tel l in the market. Android market is having approximately 4, 50,000 apps but there is no application available in the mechanical man market which motivates the public regarding production line bribe.There are many factors that deplete allowed Android to give way the worlds most widely used Smartphone platform, overtaking Sembilan in the fourth quarter of 2010, and the software of choice for engineering science companies who require a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles and other electronics. Androids open reputation has further encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially released hurry oth er operating systems.In this paper we propose algorithm which mainly aims at developing an android application which motivates the youngsters for donating parentage and check whether they are eligible for donating or not. This application will serve as an effective tool for creating sentience in public..Furthermore, we will try to demonstrate with an application that might be used by the people using android phones.ObjectivesBy developing this application, we want to create awareness among the android users and motivate them to help the driveful. This application will help the user in all the achievable ways useful in blood donation.Detailed problem DefinitionAfter a unyielding research we found that there are no apps in the Google play store which motivates the public in donating blood and clearing there misconceptions. We found out that there is a requirement of an application which is helpful for people in many ways. As we all know that donating blood is a good exertion bu t due to some misconceptions people hesitate in donating blood. By going through the applications already available, we found out that all the applications are lacking the feature of connecting the people who are interested in either donating the blood or they urgently require the blood. The main feature of our application is connectivity provided by us. The donors and receivers after part strain to each other depending on their needs. Sometimes in urgency u may have thought of any platform from where we green goddess get the detail of hospitals, blood banks, important contact number and contact numbers of social organizations but we fail to get such an application or platform. We found out that there are apps on internet but they are lacking some of utilities which we had develop in our application.Solution MethodologyRegistering DonorsThe one who would be using this application is requested to register for the cause. The touch of registration is simple no complex interface is used for the same, everyone is refreshing for registration. Even a mortal can register for other person.The following fields for registrationNameContact Number sexual activityBlood GroupLast Date of DonationRegular Donor/notEmail verbaliseIt creates a hub of donors who are available of android.People who are under age are also wel manage for registration for prospective donation. The Process and fields are made simple or feasible so that the user should not feel hectic while providing the details.DatabaseThe twinklingary utility of this application is to provide the user the details of various hospitals and blood banks. Irrespective of the application usage, if user wants the contact of hospital or blood bank he can easily get.Efforts are made to provide the nearest hospital and blood bank details with assistance of GPS technologyBulk Messaging For Camps.As we know social organizations and NGOs come in front for organizing blood donation camps at various places with this ap plication we provide another platform for broadcasting about the event.For this cause, the NGOs can contact using email or Face book pageboy which is also is also administrated.About checking the genuine news of the event the registered donor will be throw a message automatically. Even if the user is not under donation period he can spread the news to his friends or relatives regarding the blood donation camp.Motivation and clearing the misconceptions related to blood donationOur application contains videos and photo albums which plays a very important role in motivating the public. The videos contain motivational quotes and phrases. For clearing the doubts and confusions of the users regarding blood donation, we have created a FAQ scratch in which all the important questions are displayed. We had also introduced ask questions by using this user can ask questions.WorkingUser Interface of this application asks the user to choose an option by displaying an option menu. Menu include s the various tabs namely registering donors tab, direct splice to some hospitals, motivational videos, and social networking links. A very special thing about this application is that it includes FAQs (Frequently asked questions) section which is fastest way to clear the doubts of the users. Addition to that, application includes another option through which user can raise his personal questions the question will be replied by the application administrator at earliest so that the dignity of application is maintained. The interface of the application is made as simple as possible so that even a new user can get familiar to it and use it to good extent.The On-device view icon of the application looks likeWhen the user click the application icon then the second page opens displaying various menu options.On clicking the first option of the menu that is ABOUT. The following page opens and it contains the details regarding the application.When the user clicks the registration menu opt ion the following page is displayed which registers the users and save all the details.When the user clicks on the option CMC Hospital it redirected to the CMCs Blood Bank Homepage.Motivation videos Option open the following page which contains some motivational videos.If the User will have any queries regarding our application and its working he can contact the developer/Administrator.ConclusionThis application will help the android users to get information about blood donation. The need of blood donation and all the queries related to that. We had focused on the productivity of the application by maintaining a database of the donors containing their contact numbers and email ids so that we can make the most of it. We had designed the application in such a way that it helps the user in all possible ways when he or she needs help. If time will permit we will add more features and improve the productivity of the application. denotive WebWikipedia http//www.wikipedia.org/Google http// www.google.co.in/Android.com http//developer.android.com/guide/components/index.html

The First Great Debate Challenges To Realism Politics Essay

The First Great Debate Ch every last(predicate)enges To Realism Politics look forThe subject matter of International dealings as a sort out of political science move be defined in variant ways. As in most social science disciplines there is no scientific consensus on the field and thus the definition we adopt would be conventional and reflect a particular account of the universe.1Since there is no common definition of foreign relations, there exist multiple theories relieveing the principles of interplay of what individually of them consider being main actors would it be declares, non-state institutions or classes. C. Brget and K. Ainley advocate that there are no right or wrong theories as all have political implications, therefore, the pluralism of contesting theories apiece presenting varied perspective should be preserved.2The aim of this essay is to examine the work by Ole R. Holsti3Theories of International Relations and critically address the line of reasonings he presents. In the course of this essay I will briefly summarize authors description of state of affairs in internationalist relations theories complementing it with personal interpretation.Holsti assumes the main aim of his essay is to endure to exchange of ideas between political scientists and diplomatic historians.4The text addresses diplomatic historians to kick off them theoretical set aboutes used by political scientists.Author describes the first gigantic debate on theories of international relations namely challenges presented by different groups of models to unpolluted and modern realism.5He classifies theories that challenge realist excogitations on system aim into three groups Global Society/Complex-Interdependence/Liberal-Institutionalism, red/World System/ settlement and constructivism, neglecting differences inner(a) these groups to emphasize main differences between theoretical perspectives.6He as well as examines several decision- do models that go beyon d structural analysis of international relations focusing on political processes inside the units of the system.7The Great DebateIn this chapter I am going to summarize basketball team major arguments of realist theories from classical to neo-realism described by Holsti and their critics by other international relations theories on general and decision-making levels.Although it expertness come along very simplistic, if whizz could generalize the five maneuvers of classical realist opening described by Holsti8into one sentence, the result might be the following Sovereign states as main units of the anarchical international system act as unitary rational actors to achieve certification through involvement into contend and peace based on telling capabilities.In the first stead, Holsti states that classical realists consider as central questions the causes of war and the conditions of peace9, arising from the structural anarchy of the international system, meaning that there is no higher authority above states to settle conflicts. This kind of structural arranging of the international system gives rise to the security dilemma that is attempts to reach imperious security by one state is in direct coincidence to insecurity of all other parts of the system.10Each of the five points make by classical realists were further developed and complemented by modern realist or neo-realists, namely K. Waltz and later R. Gilpin, but equally they all look to hold numerous controversies. At first glance, it appears to be that the assumption of intellect of states is based on, I would argue irrational by itself pessimistic concept of human nature would it be secular or religious.11Moreover, the whole approach to explanation of international relations in basis of military contend for security (can easily be substituted by superiority) against all other states whitethorn lead to a conclusion that there is constantly a world war all against all. Fortunately however this is not the case.Furthermore, Holsti points that Robert Gilpin developed the argument that international system is in a state of equilibrium if no state believes that it is profitable to attempt to change it.12Therefore, it appears to be that the question of betrothal in a war is defined solely by mathematic coefficient of correlation between costs and benefits. Would this neo-realist assumption be true, the most powerful states would have been involved in constant expansion until one of them achieves an empire comprising the inherent world.The aforementioned controversies of the realist theories show us that there should be more conglomerate motivation in the relations between actors in international relations. asunder from the involvement in war or peace, states are likely to cooperate on a number of issues like trade, science, education, migration, environmental challenges etc. crimson the most powerful states are currently unable to cope with or so issues that are cr oss-border like terrorism or spread of epidemic diseases.13The change magnitude interdependence of states and growing influence of non-state actors like NGOs, transnational corporations and international organizations in contrast to decline of the nation-state are the main arguments of the group of theories labeled by Holsti as Global Society/Complex-Interdependence/Liberal Institutionalism. State remains the point of departure for these theories, but the views on its future role vary from acknowledgment that state is a major source of change in the international system to its irreversible decline.14Despite encompassing broader range of motivations, except war and peace that determine international relations, the latter group of theories presents just some other perspective with its limitations and inability to explain indisputable tendencies currently taking place in the world. Together with integration processes and interdependence, we can observe rise of patriotism and disint egration in different parts of the world, especially in the exchange and Eastern Europe.Marxism/World Systems/Dependency together with post-modernist theories are rare cases where Holsti expresses his own standpoint apart from impartial description of previous groups of theories, using sarcastic remarks.15Holsti describes the arguments of this group of theories very shortly. Marxism/World Systems/Dependency theories consider as ascertain factor of international relations the mode of product and inequality inside the world capitalist system. According to M/WS/D models, the role of state is secondary in relation to classes.On condition that one accepts Marxist paradigm and his interpretation of capitalism, the explanation of international relations based on exploitation within one world capitalist economy seem convincing. The system cannot be anarchical, if one of the parties depends on other. However, at least one problem appears in this regard related to Marxist interpretation o f actors in the international relations classes. The criteria for defining classes are more or little clear the relation to the means of production, place in the system of production and distribution. The problem is that the exploited across the world do not needinesss define themselves as proletariat and do not realize the need for workers solidarity. Thus, they cannot act as an independent actor in international relations.Constructivism challenges all the systemic theories of international relations by demonstrating that all notions developed to explain humanity are socially constructed, thus, cannot be considered as consequence of the system. The doings of actors is determined by the way they perceive the reality, not by reality itself.16I agree with Holstis argument that constructivism is rather an approach than a theory and can contribute to expanding other theories of international relations.17Finally, Holsti shows the importance of decision making models in internation al relations. Certain decisions may be taken or not, depending on the inforrmation acquired and processed within the actors. This proves the importance of consideration together with systemic factors also internal conditions of actors in international relations theories.ConclusionThe theories discussed by Holsti represent different approaches to explaining international relations. Each of them presents their view why the states or other actors behave like they do and only in that way. every of the theories tend to universal jointize and explain the relations between states in terms of simple models. My standpoint is that there cannot be a single universal pattern in which the whole diversity of global processes will fit. This is why none of the theories of international rlations is appropriate to be the theory of globalization. However each of them can be useful in question of certain formulation of globalization. For example, structural realism is considered to be ahistorical, nevertheless, it can be applied to the research of conflicts. Other theories may be used to study complex interdependencies and entanglements in the world.The globalization research should be based on a certain theory, but this theory cannot be limited to one perspective. The most important, I believe, is to take into account different perspectives and approaches in the study of globalization. Therefore, none of them can be priviledged or neglected as they are based on the socially constructed notions.

Models of Health for Obesity Intervention

Models of wellness for Obesity Intervention universePublic wellness has been a topic of g everywherenment debates. It is an change magnitude pop out that is provoking a lot of publicity. Strategies atomic enumerate 18 being implemented as well as policies in methodicalness to tackle the ever increasing problem of fleshiness which is clearly a public health issue. A case study from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2007) showed that the joined Kingdom has the extravagantlyest prevalence of obesity in Europe. Due to the NMC confidentiality clause in accordance with The Nursing and obstetrics Council (2008) Code of Conduct, nurses must respect the great unwasheds right to confidentiality. Therefore for the purpose of this screen the patients name has been changed and any personal or diagnosable information has also been altered so as to protect his silence and dignity.This essay aims to discuss and explore policies, biopsychosocial model and contri only whenion of therapies t o health and public assistance with reference to troy (see appendix 1)Public healthPublic health refers to the methods of preventing distemper, pro keen-sighteding liveliness and promoting health through organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals (WHO, 2013). It is bear on with threats to health establish on population health analysis. The population in question cigargontte be as small as a handful of people, or as large as all the inhabitants of the united Kingdom. The dimensions of health coffin nail encompass a state of complete physiologic, rational and social well-being and non merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 2013). Sim McKee (2011) suggest that Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary go aboutes of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. The stress of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through saloon and discussion of disease and former(a) physical and mental health conditions. This is d hotshot through surveillance of cases and health indicators, and through publicity of tidy behaviors. The range of public health interventions in order to seize on food related ill health is potentially considerable and this includes presenting on an individual basis, health education and promotion, composition regulation in food, hi-fi food information labels and produce traceability just to name a few. From 2004, the linked Kingdom has put together a number of initiatives that ar aimed at tacking obesity with recognition of the need for form _or_ system of government change as well as individual behavior change and personal view towards food.PolicyDue to the alarming statistics on obesity in the united Kingdom, the government has a policy to try and tackle the rising problem. accord to the Policy, figures show that 61.9% of adults and 28% of children climb ond between 2 and 15 argon backbreaking or obese. People who are overweight have a higher venture of getting typecastwrite 2 diabetes, heart disease and certain tidy sumcers (Department Of health, 2013). Excess weight can also make it more than than(prenominal) difficult for people to find and keep work, and it can motivate self-pride and mental health. This being the case of troy as he suffers from type 2 diabetes due to his weight, has mental health and has never found work. It is cost the Government 5million pounds to obesity related illnesses.The policy has an action plan to subvert these statistics by 2020. The government want people to eat and intoxication more healthily while being more active. It is giving people advice on a healthy diet and physical activity through the change4Life course of instruction. The programme encourages healthy life styles. The moto is Eat Well, Move More and Live weeklong. Change4Life is a society-wide movement that aims to prevent people from becoming overweight by encouraging t hem to eat better and move more. It is the marketing component of the Governments answer to the rise in obesity (Nhs, 2013).Improving labelling on food and drink will serve well people make healthy choices. The policy states that a trunk for labelling on the packages that makes it clear what is in food and drink, is important. The consistent system combines red, amber, green colour-coding and nutritional information to show how much to a faultthsome, saturated fat, brininess and sugar, and small calories are in food products. also encouraging businesses on the high street to include calorie information on their menus so that people can make healthy choices. By giving people direction on how much physical activity they should be doing, the policy seeks to uphold individuals as well as professional to understand how to reduce the risk of ill health associated with inactivity and sedentary behaviors.As much as it is an individuals choice on when and what they eat, the governm ent want businesses to take responsibilities of the products that they are selling by making it easier for everyone make healthier choices for both staff and customers. The Responsibility Deal has 4 networks include alcohol, food, health at work and physical activity which all have collective pledges that businesses are wind to sign up to. The actions to helper people eat more healthily include reducing ingredients like coarseness, sugar and fat that can be harmful if people eat too much of them. Also encourage people to eat more output and vegetable to help reach their 5 A DAY. Lastly putting calorie information on menus and helping people to eat fewer calories by ever-changing the portion size or the recipe of a product (Department Of Health, 2013). The policy asks the local councils to get involved in combating obesity and encourage healthier lives by making sure that the right services are in place. An example of this is recreational areas in the neighborhoods have outdoor gym facilities.Biopsychosocial modelBiopsychosocial model, traditionally considered appropriate with regards to obesity, as all elements of the model are relevant. This model shows disease arising from the overlap of components. In applying this model to obesity research, biological systems are viewed in isolation, not taking into account their interaction with the environment and behaviours until one is obese. There are several factors that could lead one to be overweight or obese and the biopsychosocial model can be employ to understand these factors. One of them is biological factors which include genetic susceptibility, incrementd number of adipose cells formed during childhood, hormonal imbalance such thyroxine produced be the thyroid gland, and several more (Marieb Hoehn, 2010).Although strides have been made exploring the pathophysiology of obesity, treatment and prevention have focused mainly on two components, the psychological and the social. The psychological positio ns include feeding behaviours, activity habits and health sureness or knowledge. Troy suffers from natural depression this could be a factor to consider as a reason why he is obese.Taylor (2012) recognises that people that eat while gloomy or stressed are more likely to consume sweetness and high-fat foods. Troy has accustomed himself to bad eating behaviour. Most take off food have high volumes of sugar, fat and salt, which are triggers of weight pee-pee. He may not be aware of the implications of his weight increase. As a student nurse, I feel talking to Troy and making him aware of his weight problems may be ideal. Giving him healthier options when he asks me order him a take away and advising him to eat more of the reduced sugar, fat and salt food. Troy has a high craving for sweet effervescent drinks, telling him of the alternative drinks such as sugar free or sweeteners would be ideal thus empowering him to make a choice.The social aspect of the model include socioecon omic, neighbourhood, schools and food policy. When it comes to obesity there are a great variety of social variables that contribute to one being overweight and obese. For instant today we are bombarded with advertisements for fast food restaurants and high calorie pre-packaged foods or microwave food. The media plays a big role in changing our emplacement and behaviour toward food by using persuasive messages and images. A study by Taylor (2012) shows that socioeconomic factors contribute to ones attitude towards food. The study revealed that that people of low socioeconomic status head for the hills to be more overweight than people with high socioeconomic status. An expla state of matter for this could be the fact that food that contain high-fat and bordered foods are cheaper than nutritious and saucily foods such as vegetables and fish. Troy lives in poor estate and relies on the benefit system for his income. This in not much so he tend to buy the cheaper and faster foods. Also social and family interaction could affect one to become obese as eating habits can be influence by others around the house. Other social factors could be educational level, employment and cultural influences. Advising Troy tocook his own meals when his at home and educating him on the difference between fresh cooked meals that contain low fat, sugar and salt versus Fast food would be in his best interest. He lives solely so giving himself more time outdoors and engaging in activities, like going out for walks or even light cypher as a starting point. cause the reasons for obesity is important but more important is to find ways to stop and prevent it. Health promotion is any effort that encourages people to engage in healthy behaviours such having a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight (Schneider, Gruman Coutts, 2005).behavioural treatmentBehavioral treatment is an approach used to help individuals develop a set of skills to achieve a healthier weight. This treatmen t is used in people who suffer from eating disorders and those who are overweight or obese. It does more than helping people to find what to change but also helps them identify how to change. The behavior change process is facilitated through the use of self-monitoring, destruction setting, and problem solving. Studies suggest that behavioral treatment produces weight loss of 810% during the first 6 months of treatment. incorporated approaches such as meal replacements and food provision have been shown to increase the magnitude of weight loss (Foster, 2002). Stuart (1967) suggests that behavioral treatment of obesity substantial from the belief that obesity is the result of maladaptive eating and exercise habits, which could be corrected by the application of learning principles.Behavioral treatment is found primarily on principles of classical conditioning, which suggest that eating is often prompted by antecedent events, for example cues, that become strongly linked to food intake. jibe to Brownell (2000) Behavioral treatment helps patients identify cues that trigger inappropriate eating behaviors and help them learn new responses to these cues. Treatment also seeks to reinforce the adoption of convinced(p) eating behaviors. This treatment also incorporates cognitive therapy due to the fact that, in cognitive therapy ones thoughts or cognitions directly affect feelings and behaviors (Beck, 1976). Negative thoughts are preponderantly associated with negative outcomes. When one over indulges in food and they are dieting, they tend to think they have messed up their dieting schedule therefore act up to eat even more secondary to feelings of failure and hopelessness. Beck (1976) in his rule book on Cognitive Behavior therapy mentions that cognitive therapy patients learn to set existent goals for weight and behavior change, enabling them to realistically evaluate their progress in modifying eating and activity habits, and to correct negative thoughts that occur when they do not meet their goals. Fairburn, C.G, Wilson G.T. (1993) agree with Beck (1967) that Cognitive interventions for weight counseling are based on those developed for the treatments of depression, anxiety, and bulimia nervosa. Programmes such as Weight Watchers can be incorporated in Behavioral Therapy as Weight Watchers meetings promotes goal setting and advices on low calorie food intake.ConclusionArguably, although the policy set by Department of Health on obesity seeks to promote programmes like change4 life which supports eating five vegetable or take a day, it does not completely tackle the issue of affordability. Fresh vegetable, fruit and fish is expense meaning those who have low income cannot afford these foods. It thusly means it comes back to the fact of them not affording the healthier food so they opt for cheaper processed food. A lot of literature that has been written on the subject matter, obesity, is from the fall in States of America becau se they are a nation who are also trying to tackle obesity. They have much a big issue of obesity and I believe as a nation we can learn a lot from them.In the case of Troy, Behavioral therapy would be ideal as it involves cognitive therapy, so he can talk about his problem and set realistic goals for himself helping and upward(a) his quality of life. The best interventions have been in the fields of dietary management and behavioural change.APA ReferenceAllen, N. B., Lewinsohn, P., and Seeley J.R. (1998). Prenatal and perinatal influences on risk for psychological medicine in childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychopathology. New York, United States of America Guilford takeBeck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York, United States of America International Universities Press.Brownell, K.D. (2000). The name program for weight management 2000. Dallas, United States of America American Health Publishers Co.Department of Health. (2013). Policies . Retrieved from https//www.gov.uk/government/policies/reducing-obesity-and-improving-dietDilts, S. L. (2012). Models of mind A framework for Biopsychosocial Psychiatry. East Sussex, United Kingdom Routledge.Donatelle, R.J. (2008).Access to health(10the.d.).San Francisco,Canada Pearson genus Benzoin Cummings.Fairburn, C.G, Wilson G.T. (1993). Binge eating nature, assessment and treatment. New York, United States of America Guilford Press.Foster, G.D. (2002). Goals and strategies to improve behavior-change effectiveness. Philadelphia, United States Of America Hanley Belfus.Health Promotion strategical Framework. (2014). Health promotion. Retrieved from http//www.healthpromotion.ie/hp-files/docs/HPSF_HSE.pdf Heim, C., Newporr, J., Heit, S., Graham, Y. P., Wucox, M., Bonsall, R., Miller, A. H., and Nemeroff, C. B. (2000). Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. Journal of American Medical Association, 284, 592-97Mari eb, E.N. Hoehn K. (2010).Human anatomy physiology(8th e.d.).San Francisco,America Pearson Benjamin Cummings.Nhs. (2013). Change for life. Retrieved from http//www.nhs.uk/change4life/Pages/change-for- life.aspxNuffield council on Bioethics. (2007). Public Health, Ethical Issues. Retrieved from http//www.nuffieldbioethics.org/public-healthSchneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., Coutts, L. M. (Eds.). (2005).Applied social psychology Understanding and addressing social and practical problems.Thousand Oaks,CanadaSage PublicationsStuart, R.B. (1967). Behavioral control of overeating. Basel, Switazland Reinhardt Druck.Taylor, S.E. (2012).Health Psychology(8th ed.).New York,United States of America McGraw-Hill instauration Health Organisation. (2013). Obesity. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/Appendix 1During one of my placements in a hospital situated in the North of England, a modern Troy man aged 24 was admitted to Psychiatric intense Care Unit (PICU) presenting with Psychotic episode and hallucinations. He lives alone in a one bed council flat, has never worked and receives Benefits. He has a long history of drug and alcohol misuse, although he has been drug free for over 6 months. Troy weighs 26 stone and has been known to the service for self-harming and depression from the age of 14. As his treatment has progressed, it has become clear to me that he has other issues like bad eating habits. His mother from a very young age, feed Troy with a lot of fast food as she herself suffered from Clinical depression. They lived in a poor estate up the age of 8 when he was put into care because his mother was unable to escape and neglected him and his siblings. He has very little contact with his family except his grandparents who on a regular basis visit him. Now at his later stage in life, Troy likes to eat take away and drinks a lot of sugary fizzy drinks.His weight has become an issue on the ward as he has found the single beds too small and he complained of the blankets being too small. The consultant had been concerned about his weight and suggested that some of the psychotic music he is taking may be contributing to his weight gain as they tend to trigger a lot of cravings. He has diagnosed with type 2 diabetes while admitted on the ward.http//psychrights.org/research/Digest/NLPs/Seroquel/SeroquelMedicalStudies/Gen.%20Cause%20Resp.%20Ex%2010.pdf

Strategies for Change Management in Healthcare

Strategies for Change Management in Health pityAn Overview of Change by Management for Better Patient C arSmitha B. VadakkanRegistered confines are on the mien line in all the hospitals for early detection and prompt disturbance when patients conditions deteriorate. So die patient outcomes and patient satisfaction are influenced by the number of registered keeps avail suit fitting to assess patients on an on loss basis. So I like to select a mixed bag that management could undertake to modify patient business concern where I work is the provideing patterns. Adequate harbour care delivered directly depends on the nurse patient ratio.Change bay window be planned and managed, or it whoremaster occur haphazardly (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Nursing is in the middle of so many revolutionary modifys. To bring flips to the workplace depends on nurses attitude to adapt the channelize and the teaching options and the hold in from the management. One of the theoretical pers pective for the modify is the encyclopaedism dimensions. Continual learning is needed for an speed throw and it provides ongoing learning of employees. Ongoing learning improves adaptation, resilience, and the hardiness of employees, which in turn result in desired responses to accelerated change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Skills that are needed to augment this change are administrations thinking, own(prenominal) proficiency, team learning, shared vision and use of information technology increases the glide path to needed knowledge.Normative-reeducative scheme is the most appropriate for breast feeding because it is the most presumable to advance the profession. It is the strategy employed throughout nurse today to combine the latest informatics technology into everyday practice (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). In this strategy the members of the system work out programs of change under their own direction. rendering of the change problem includes the probability that shifts in attitudes, values, norms, and relationships between players in the system and between the system and its external environment (Miles, 2007). in that respect is a joint collaboration between the members and the management in the development of the final strategy.There are external and inherent factors that influence change in nursing. The internal factors include the patient acuity levels, rung- patient ratio, treatment modules, and the use of upstart technologies in nursing. External factors include social and economic factors that influence how nursing is practiced. Nurses are socialized in a unique way during their discipline and experience in practice and therefore prepared like no early(a) group to monitor nursing practice (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Nursing specialism is found stronger when there is a collaborative effort of nurses in quadruplet different roles such as practitioners, educators, researchers, and coachs. To have a better change in safe staf fing the nurse managers should understand the external and internal factors and bring on changes which bathroom bring better patient outcomes.Planned change is a better option in safe staffing. When there is a change to be made in the workplace, it is al slipway good to include the nurses and other health care professionals in the social social unit for opinions and recommendations. The nurses in the unit better know how is the patient acuity level of the unit, how many assisted staff office working on the unit, which shift is the busiest, how can the structure of the unit to be modified for easy access of supplies etc.. There are many ways of lend oneselfing change. However, planned change, which is a adviseful, calculated and collaborative effort to bring nearly improvements with the assistance of a change agent, is commonly adopted in nursing (Roussel 2006). So the nurse manager should ask the nurses for recommendations how safe staffing can be implemented in the unit. Nu rse manager with the help of the nurses in the unit can work out safe staffing by not great(p) two or more(prenominal) bulk vacation or holidays at the same m or balancing the schedule without giving more people off on the same day, not allowing the same soul for more than two overtimes in one month, leaving the person for burnout, if the unit really of necessity more nurses, the nurse manager has to plan and condone the reasons and submit to the management. The safety of the patient is everyones responsibility.Once a decision has been reached to implement a change, time must be allowed for the sequence of stages designed to get down resistance and maintain support from others (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). According to Kurt Lewin model of implementing change, there are three stages which are unfreezing, moving, refreezing. During unfreezing, more information and time is needed for the change. The people who are going to be affected are motivated for the change because of th e benefits and the people who gave the ideas for the change are commented for their participation. By moving, the second stage of the change process is like a vacuum. This transitional stage when everyone is expected of the change when the old is gone and the new is not in place yet. The ordinal stage of the change process is refreezing. Ongoing monitoring for continued graphic symbol must follow refreezing, because it provides valuable information about the ongoing potentiality of the change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011).In the unionized city hospital, everything goes with higher-rankingity. When the senior nurses enjoy more vacation and holidays and leaving the younger nurses to work which results in more sick of(p) calls and also bad retention of the staff which compromises safe patient care and patient outcomes. Even the overtime is given according to the seniority where slightly older nurses are happy to do more overtimes by taking easy assignments and leaving the heavie r assignments for younger nurses which also results in burnout and poor staff retention. The nurse manager should collect ideas from the nurses for the change and should update the management of what is going on in the unit and the need for hiring new nurses if the unit needs for safe staffing. During the unfreezing stage the staff in the unit should be notified of the adequate rights for everyone and the management should be notified about the need to hire more RNs. all the nurses should be motivated for the change. During the moving process, it is hard for the adjustment to the change for the senior nurses who is the majority in the unit. The nurse manager should patch up fair schedules and assignments and make everybody comply with the change. During refreezing stage the nurse manger should continue to make the trump out schedules and should check for the effectiveness of the staff and the patient outcomes.The characteristics and qualities of change agents include experience, success, creation respected, leadership skills, and management competencies (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). Change is a long process and is vexed to achieve. The nurse manager who is the change agent should be calm, positive, optimistic, enthusiastic and able to spend enough time in correcting the problem. The nurse managers initial responsibility is to establish a plan of action. The nurse manager should inform her staff and management the reason for a change and should be able to show in measurable terms. The nurse manager should give notice all the nurses and the management about the modified vacation time, schedules and the overtimes for safe staffing. The nurse manager should plan for each stage of implementation and should anticipate reconciling any new information and change. Not everybody will be agreeable with the schedule or there may be unexpected staff emergencies or sickness so the nurse manager should be able to get the cooperation of all the staff to perform her duties and should give enough time for the change.According to Lewins field theory, there are two contend forces, the driving force and the restraining force in response to a change. madcap forces generate planned change and restraining forces generate resistance to change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). The nurse manager by all means has to descend the resistance to the change so the drive can be increased. The most important portion in reducing the resistance is establishing trust by giving explanations, requesting input, acknowledging concerns, making changes in small doses, offering to assist, exempting benefits, and acknowledging success (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). The nurse manager has to explain to the senior nurses and the union representatives and the management, the need for safe staffing by balancing the schedules and assignments to rid of unnecessary vacation time for more than two people at a time during the busiest season, to reduce burnout and overtimes and to improve retention. Staff retention saves much of money for the management and it improves better patient outcomes. The nurse manager should postdate in the way she/he explain the need for safe staffing, which can decrease falls, medication errors, pressure ulcers, decrease hospital stays, infections and death. Human doings and interaction is far too complex to be able to cause total support for a change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). There will be some resistance even with the best explanations given by the nurse manager, but in the long run it will be minify and can get full support from everybody.The plan for evaluation is pursuant(predicate) with the overall change design, with outcomes being measured against the criteria found in the statements of purpose and objectives for change (Grohar-Murray Langan, 2011). The nurse manager should evaluate the changes. The evaluation of safe staffing can be seen with improved patient and staff satisfaction, better patient outcomes, d ecrease falls, pressure ulcers and infection rates, decrease sick calls, decrease employee turnover, good feedbacks by the patients and the employees. By interpreting the role of evaluation and the outcomes of changes, the nurse manager can improve and make better plans and modifications.ReferencesGrohar-Murray, M. E., Langan, J. (2011). Leadership and management in nursing (4th ed., p. 250-256). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Health Science.Miles, M. (2007).An overview of strategies for planned change in human systems. Retrieved from http//www.innovation.cc/scholarly-style/classic-theories.pdfRoussel, L (2006) Management and Leadership for Nurse Administrators. Fourth edition. Jones and Barlett, London.